{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213601842","doi":null,"title":"Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Machine Learning","display_name":"Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Machine Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213601842","mag":"3213601842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3213601842","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nveo.org/index.php/journal/article/view/810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521260","display_name":"NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO","issn_l":"2148-9637","issn":["2148-9637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037944322","display_name":"Avni Singhal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avni Singhal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024729513","display_name":"Vimal Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-3058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-3058"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimal Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-3058","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012457964","display_name":"Niranjan Lal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-9481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-9481"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Dayanand Lal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-9481","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57851269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2561","last_page":"2574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-image-segmentation","display_name":"retinal image segmentation","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-classification","display_name":"image classification","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-detection","display_name":"disease detection","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7858295440673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6934200525283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6699232459068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6040376424789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.586192786693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47622352838516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.4732910990715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.437299907207489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.4360790550708771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.43239080905914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42804402112960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21109279990196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.13831236958503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08232417702674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3213601842","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nveo.org/index.php/journal/article/view/810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521260","display_name":"NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO","issn_l":"2148-9637","issn":["2148-9637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2766116723","https://openalex.org/W2791485417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128737463","https://openalex.org/W4300691971","https://openalex.org/W4405499684","https://openalex.org/W4412803198","https://openalex.org/W2902029216","https://openalex.org/W2974749141","https://openalex.org/W4309332111","https://openalex.org/W7216562192","https://openalex.org/W3162804960","https://openalex.org/W7161172608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1,42],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,50,65,74],"an":[4],"eye":[5],"condition":[6],"that":[7],"occurs":[8],"when":[9],"blood":[10],"vessel":[11],"damage":[12],"in":[13,67,77,90],"the":[14,45,70],"retina.":[15],"The":[16,62],"blurriness,":[17],"floaters,":[18],"dark":[19],"areas":[20],"of":[21,29,72,79,92],"vision":[22],"and":[23,60,69,82],"difficulty":[24],"perceiving":[25],"colours":[26],"are":[27],"symptoms":[28],"such":[30],"disease.\u00a0":[31],"Here,":[32],"we":[33],"proposed":[34,48,63],"a":[35],"machine":[36],"learning":[37],"based":[38],"approach":[39],"for":[40],"diabetic":[41],"detection.":[43],"In":[44],"paper,":[46],"our":[47],"methodology":[49],"divided":[51],"into":[52],"several":[53],"stages":[54],"viz.,":[55],"pre-processing,":[56],"segmentation,":[57],"feature":[58],"extraction":[59],"classification.":[61],"model":[64],"simulated":[66],"MATLAB":[68],"analysis":[71],"results":[73],"performed":[75],"with":[76],"terms":[78,91],"accuracy,":[80],"precision":[81],"recall.":[83],"Our":[84],"scheme":[85],"outperforms":[86],"over":[87],"existing":[88],"schemes":[89],"above":[93],"parameters.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2021-11-22T00:00:00"}