{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213009658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","title":"Morphology and wear of high chromium and austempered ductile iron balls as grinding media in ball mills","display_name":"Morphology and wear of high chromium and austempered ductile iron balls as grinding media in ball mills","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213009658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","mag":"3213009658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187594","display_name":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","issn_l":"1742-6588","issn":["1742-6588","1742-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061840167","display_name":"BRN Murthy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"BRN Murthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India -576104"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India -576104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024068524","display_name":"Ravichandra Rangappa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5611-5657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5611-5657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272456","display_name":"Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management","ror":"https://ror.org/046nvwr28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272456"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravichandra Rangappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India 575007Phone: +91 962086749"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India 575007Phone: +91 962086749","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061840167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2956,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82608696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2070","issue":"1","first_page":"012201","last_page":"012201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12427","display_name":"Metal Alloys Wear and Properties","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12427","display_name":"Metal Alloys Wear and Properties","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.08470000326633453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/austempered-ductile-iron","display_name":"austempered ductile iron","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grinding-media","display_name":"grinding media","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ball-mill","display_name":"ball mill","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wear-rate","display_name":"wear rate","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ductile-iron","display_name":"ductile iron","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wet-milling","display_name":"wet milling","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128262354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3319824","display_name":"Austempering","level":5,"score":0.8714609146118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.8225201368331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7806500792503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777571299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3680646","display_name":"Grinding","level":2,"score":0.7605977058410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511782168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725","display_name":"Chromium","level":2,"score":0.7056208252906799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96288455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487286","display_name":"Austenite","level":3,"score":0.6810385584831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132186339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781139","display_name":"Ball mill","level":2,"score":0.5479337573051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523214423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192047","display_name":"Machining","level":2,"score":0.5016789436340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776735967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483269","display_name":"Cast iron","level":2,"score":0.49922919273376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779260511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122490","display_name":"Ductile iron","level":3,"score":0.4377150535583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.0812358558177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44125496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575611","display_name":"Bainite","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187594","display_name":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","issn_l":"1742-6588","issn":["1742-6588","1742-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012201/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187594","display_name":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","issn_l":"1742-6588","issn":["1742-6588","1742-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213009658.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213009658.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483774752","https://openalex.org/W1972345517","https://openalex.org/W1984640797","https://openalex.org/W1987813245","https://openalex.org/W1996628363","https://openalex.org/W2001756479","https://openalex.org/W2006698824","https://openalex.org/W2026400732","https://openalex.org/W2166140490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135472001","https://openalex.org/W2909309116","https://openalex.org/W2166140490","https://openalex.org/W2009364103","https://openalex.org/W2015570668","https://openalex.org/W1977491095","https://openalex.org/W2899855382","https://openalex.org/W2070723788","https://openalex.org/W2018436028","https://openalex.org/W4285294986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"High":[1],"chromium":[2,40,158],"balls":[3,41,47,67,112,125,153,159],"are":[4,20,55,58,126],"recognized":[5],"as":[6,48],"better":[7,155],"grinding":[8,22,129,142],"media":[9,23,50],"in":[10,24,51,140],"terms":[11],"of":[12,28,38,132,151],"wear":[13,36,106,130,138,170],"rates":[14,107],"than":[15,156],"forged":[16],"steel":[17],"balls,":[18],"which":[19,81],"conventional":[21],"the":[25,35,62,83,118,124,149,169,175],"milling":[26],"process":[27],"iron":[29,45,66],"ore.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"research":[33],"work,":[34],"rate":[37],"high":[39,157],"and":[42,74,122,163],"austempered":[43],"ductile":[44],"(ADI)":[46],"crushing":[49],"a":[52,95],"ball":[53],"mill":[54],"compared.":[56],"ADI":[57,152],"prepared":[59],"by":[60,94,116],"austenitizing":[61,86,98],"spheroidal":[63],"graphite":[64],"(SG)":[65],"at":[68,87,99],"920":[69],"\u00b0C":[70,89,101],"for":[71,90,102,137],"one":[72],"hour,":[73],"step":[75,85,97],"austempering":[76],"heat":[77],"treatments":[78],"were":[79,108,113],"given,":[80],"includes":[82],"first":[84],"300":[88],"15":[91],"min,":[92],"followed":[93],"second":[96],"400":[100],"60":[103],"min.":[104],"The":[105,128,144],"estimated":[109],"when":[110,123,160,174],"both":[111,133],"used":[114],"separately":[115,162],"maintaining":[117],"same":[119],"machining":[120],"conditions":[121],"mixed.":[127,164],"conduct":[131],"materials":[134],"is":[135,154],"evaluated":[136],"loss":[139],"wet":[141],"conditions.":[143],"experimental":[145],"results":[146],"reveal":[147],"that":[148,168],"performance":[150],"tested":[161],"Results":[165],"also":[166],"indicate":[167],"rates/revolutions":[171],"will":[172],"decrease":[173],"operating":[176],"period":[177],"increases.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-11-22T00:00:00"}