{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212948113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","title":"Risk perception and optimism during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic","display_name":"Risk perception and optimism during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212948113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","mag":"3212948113","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34804569","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8580423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.210904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045647532","display_name":"Benjamin James Kuper-Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-222X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-222X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin J. Kuper-Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-222X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085438570","display_name":"Lisa Marie Doppelhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa M. Doppelhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028802599","display_name":"Yulia Oganian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3451-8938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3451-8938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulia Oganian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045371889","display_name":"Gabriela Rosenblau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-0857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-0857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Rosenblau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA","Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033074173","display_name":"Christoph W. Korn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-2624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-2624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph W. Korn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section Social Neuroscience, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033074173","https://openalex.org/A5045647532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471},"fwci":26.0218,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99623024,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":"210904","last_page":"210904"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.7060999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.7060999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.15360000729560852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13979","display_name":"Communication and COVID-19 Impact","score":0.047200001776218414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"risk perception","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimism-bias","display_name":"optimism bias","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-behavior","display_name":"protective behavior","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distancing","display_name":"social distancing","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene","display_name":"hand hygiene","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-control","display_name":"perceived control","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-data","display_name":"public health data","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-and-anxiety","display_name":"stress and anxiety","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-pandemic","display_name":"early pandemic","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-comparison","display_name":"cross-cultural comparison","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.902715802192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7298388481140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.7080039978027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6219331622123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.6002966165542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5979775190353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5580014586448669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31957729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282877","display_name":"Distancing","level":5,"score":0.45115482807159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776294082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098963","display_name":"Optimism bias","level":3,"score":0.4481571614742279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41291549801826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.40350306034088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26934343576431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.1388237476348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.11659622192382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.210904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/epcyb","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/epcyb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/epcyb","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/epcyb/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8580423","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8580423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"R Soc Open Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34804569","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34804569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society open science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b30ad65d02f34a1f88d8e7c109d67991","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b30ad65d02f34a1f88d8e7c109d67991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science, Vol 8, Iss 11 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E00A3-4F1-FB3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/EPCYB","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:ede1eca5-0118-48ba-8bc6-cbe9fc05b665","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/epcyb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.210904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6212456854","display_name":"Menschliche Kooperation: Ein multimodaler Ansatz","funder_award_id":"392443797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36227095","https://openalex.org/W809551758","https://openalex.org/W1534446504","https://openalex.org/W1972084227","https://openalex.org/W2003934122","https://openalex.org/W2016007289","https://openalex.org/W2050383033","https://openalex.org/W2065115781","https://openalex.org/W2083254456","https://openalex.org/W2085876742","https://openalex.org/W2134395675","https://openalex.org/W2145046219","https://openalex.org/W2147335186","https://openalex.org/W2171975196","https://openalex.org/W2283688210","https://openalex.org/W2548699148","https://openalex.org/W2745162635","https://openalex.org/W2779206865","https://openalex.org/W2799627487","https://openalex.org/W2888688605","https://openalex.org/W3004542065","https://openalex.org/W3006659024","https://openalex.org/W3006750069","https://openalex.org/W3012956417","https://openalex.org/W3014680059","https://openalex.org/W3016829774","https://openalex.org/W3030328305","https://openalex.org/W3032774217","https://openalex.org/W3034304416","https://openalex.org/W3035882304","https://openalex.org/W3047144258","https://openalex.org/W3085292248","https://openalex.org/W3121529264","https://openalex.org/W3160211682","https://openalex.org/W4223444897","https://openalex.org/W4232964083","https://openalex.org/W4285508994","https://openalex.org/W4322702210","https://openalex.org/W6779215749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296795079","https://openalex.org/W4396534073","https://openalex.org/W4206651887","https://openalex.org/W6995549050","https://openalex.org/W6958203184","https://openalex.org/W4412477761","https://openalex.org/W4401592728","https://openalex.org/W4311602240","https://openalex.org/W3124976760","https://openalex.org/W3033514976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Slowing":[0],"the":[1,26,58,62,118,130,190,194],"spread":[2],"of":[3,29,61,115,183,193],"COVID-19":[4,30,47,195],"requires":[5],"people":[6,79,133],"to":[7,110,112,125,137,146,149,158],"actively":[8],"change":[9,103],"their":[10,22],"lives":[11],"by":[12],"following":[13],"protective":[14,138],"practices,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"physical":[18],"distancing":[19],"and":[20,44,53,88,152,162,176,186],"disinfecting":[21],"hands.":[23],"Perceptions":[24],"about":[25,46,85,129,160],"personal":[27],"risk":[28,42,121,150,154,184],"may":[31],"affect":[32],"compliance":[33],"with":[34],"these":[35,141],"practices.":[36],"In":[37,164],"this":[38,98],"study,":[39],"we":[40,168],"assessed":[41],"perception":[43,122,155],"optimism":[45,83,99,107],"in":[48,197],"a":[49,81],"multinational":[50],"(UK,":[51],"USA":[52],"Germany),":[54],"longitudinal":[55],"design":[56],"during":[57,189],"early":[59,191],"stages":[60,192],"pandemic":[63,196],"(16":[64],"March":[65],"2020;":[66,69],"1":[67],"April":[68],"20":[70],"May":[71],"2020).":[72],"Our":[73,174],"main":[74],"findings":[75],"are":[76],"that":[77],"(i)":[78],"showed":[80],"comparative":[82],"bias":[84,100,108],"getting":[86,94],"infected":[87],"infecting":[89],"others,":[90],"but":[91,140],"not":[92,102,144],"for":[93],"severe":[95],"symptoms,":[96],"(ii)":[97],"did":[101,143],"over":[104,117],"time,":[105],"(iii)":[106],"seemed":[109],"relate":[111],"perceived":[113],"level":[114],"control":[116],"action,":[119],"(iv)":[120],"was":[123,156],"linked":[124],"publicly":[126],"available":[127],"information":[128],"disorder,":[131],"(v)":[132],"reported":[134],"adhering":[135],"closely":[136],"measures":[139,142],"seem":[145],"be":[147],"related":[148,157],"perception,":[151],"(vi)":[153],"questions":[159],"stress":[161],"anxiety.":[163],"additional":[165],"cross-sectional":[166],"samples,":[167],"replicated":[169],"our":[170],"most":[171],"important":[172],"findings.":[173],"open":[175],"partly":[177],"preregistered":[178],"results":[179],"provide":[180],"detailed":[181],"descriptions":[182],"perceptions":[185],"optimistic":[187],"beliefs":[188],"three":[198],"Western":[199],"countries.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2021-11-22T00:00:00"}