{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212909118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","title":"The methodological quality of surgical randomized controlled trials: A cross-sectional systemic review","display_name":"The methodological quality of surgical randomized controlled trials: A cross-sectional systemic review","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212909118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","mag":"3212909118","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34801365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1015958421006631/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111902150","display_name":"Asian Journal of Surgery","issn_l":"0219-3108","issn":["0219-3108","1015-9584"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1015958421006631/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091743194","display_name":"Jiajie Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-0820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-0820","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4468-2986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiajie Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; IDEAL Collaboration, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK. Electronic address: yujiajie@wchscu.cn","Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China","IDEAL Collaboration, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; IDEAL Collaboration, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK. Electronic address: yujiajie@wchscu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDEAL Collaboration, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052116882","display_name":"Zhengyue Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108370","display_name":"Panzhihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h8y6y39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108370"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyue Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, PanZhiHua University, 617000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, PanZhiHua University, 617000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384563","display_name":"You Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5757-2657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5757-2657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108370","display_name":"Panzhihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h8y6y39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108370"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, PanZhiHua University, 617000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, PanZhiHua University, 617000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017758489","display_name":"Yufan Cui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108370","display_name":"Panzhihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h8y6y39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108370"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufan Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, PanZhiHua University, 617000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, PanZhiHua University, 617000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077715375","display_name":"Jinlian Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108370","display_name":"Panzhihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h8y6y39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108370"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlian Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, PanZhiHua University, 617000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, PanZhiHua University, 617000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086741004","display_name":"Allison Hirst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-4840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-4840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison Hirst","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDEAL Collaboration, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDEAL Collaboration, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042945387","display_name":"Youping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3187-511X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3187-511X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091743194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"fwci":0.0286,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43532684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"10","first_page":"1817","last_page":"1822"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12664","display_name":"Clinical practice guidelines implementation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12443","display_name":"Delphi Technique in Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methodological-quality-of-systematic-reviews","display_name":"methodological quality of systematic reviews","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-randomized-controlled-trials","display_name":"surgical randomized controlled trials","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amstar-2","display_name":"AMSTAR 2","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-of-bias","display_name":"risk of bias","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-waste","display_name":"research waste","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-research","display_name":"surgical research","score":0.5640000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8398211002349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.808999240398407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6245167255401611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.58708655834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5213452577590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47180524468421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.47080740332603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.4217623174190521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.4136589467525482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.32500213384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2378116250038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.18464457988739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.16724362969398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078202","descriptor_name":"Systematic Reviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1015958421006631/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111902150","display_name":"Asian Journal of Surgery","issn_l":"0219-3108","issn":["0219-3108","1015-9584"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34801365","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34801365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian journal of surgery","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64655bac5bc3492b9cb96f4b429ce9b9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/64655bac5bc3492b9cb96f4b429ce9b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Surgery, Vol 45, Iss 10, Pp 1817-1822 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.10.021","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1015958421006631/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111902150","display_name":"Asian Journal of Surgery","issn_l":"0219-3108","issn":["0219-3108","1015-9584"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4058676464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018ZX09201009-005-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335960","funder_display_name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335960","display_name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3212909118.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3212909118.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1183390778","https://openalex.org/W1550847922","https://openalex.org/W1553307591","https://openalex.org/W1889300381","https://openalex.org/W1937285662","https://openalex.org/W1975130349","https://openalex.org/W1980599286","https://openalex.org/W2011932878","https://openalex.org/W2014258459","https://openalex.org/W2103637454","https://openalex.org/W2119790985","https://openalex.org/W2143366454","https://openalex.org/W2299177375","https://openalex.org/W2319531296","https://openalex.org/W2334485800","https://openalex.org/W2396846174","https://openalex.org/W2466504929","https://openalex.org/W2510951501","https://openalex.org/W2556115955","https://openalex.org/W2560491970","https://openalex.org/W2588165446","https://openalex.org/W2605047282","https://openalex.org/W2737356508","https://openalex.org/W2745006654","https://openalex.org/W2751650523","https://openalex.org/W2756578555","https://openalex.org/W2794385244","https://openalex.org/W2809191186","https://openalex.org/W2888660263","https://openalex.org/W2890989426","https://openalex.org/W2914738642","https://openalex.org/W2941548807","https://openalex.org/W2983010690","https://openalex.org/W2985354407","https://openalex.org/W2990599092","https://openalex.org/W2994530656","https://openalex.org/W3009443436","https://openalex.org/W3009865501","https://openalex.org/W3012781653","https://openalex.org/W4232774294","https://openalex.org/W4234473732","https://openalex.org/W4237543913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209608430","https://openalex.org/W4388337067","https://openalex.org/W3008155648","https://openalex.org/W2605047282","https://openalex.org/W3006812501","https://openalex.org/W3016613492","https://openalex.org/W4245935818","https://openalex.org/W4387702470","https://openalex.org/W2172136957","https://openalex.org/W2905661211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systematic":[0],"reviews":[1,55,72,99,111,118,214],"of":[2,18,27,51,73,93,96,139,148,159,168,173,182,185,187,211,218,239],"RCTs":[3,75],"have":[4],"been":[5],"developed":[6],"to":[7,33,46,69,233,259],"address":[8],"end-users'":[9],"needs":[10,232],"and":[11,25,36,66,84,100,133,162,180,193,231,245,252,255],"are":[12],"regarded":[13],"as":[14],"the":[15,22,38,48,102,134,183,196,216,226],"highest":[16],"level":[17],"evidence.":[19],"Flaws":[20],"in":[21,53,77,215,222],"design,":[23],"conduct":[24],"analyses":[26,92],"a":[28,43],"systematic":[29,54,71,98,110,207,213,253],"review":[30,254],"can":[31],"lead":[32],"erroneous":[34],"conclusions":[35],"increase":[37],"research":[39,258],"waste.":[40],"We":[41,62,89,114],"undertook":[42],"cross-sectional":[44],"survey":[45],"identify":[47],"critical":[49,140,144],"areas":[50],"weakness":[52],"for":[56,164],"surgical":[57,74,257],"interventions":[58,170],"by":[59],"AMSTAR":[60],"2.":[61],"searched":[63],"PubMed,":[64],"EMbase":[65],"Cochrane":[67,206],"Library":[68],"summarize":[70],"published":[76,151,221],"2017.":[78],"The":[79,143],"information":[80],"regarding":[81],"general":[82],"characteristics":[83,86,95],"methodological":[85,106,199,227],"were":[87,112,120,125,130,138,146,220],"gathered.":[88],"conducted":[90],"descriptive":[91],"study":[94],"included":[97,177,188,212],"explored":[101],"difference":[103],"among":[104],"varied":[105],"quality.":[107,142],"Totally":[108],"141":[109],"identified.":[113],"found":[115],"only":[116,202],"four":[117],"(2.8%)":[119],"high":[121],"quality,":[122,127,132],"3":[123],"(2.1%)":[124],"moderate":[126],"8":[128],"(5.7%)":[129],"low":[131,141],"remaining":[135],"126":[136],"(89.4%)":[137],"weaknesses":[145],"lack":[147],"pre-registration":[149],"or":[150],"protocols":[152],"(29.1%),":[153],"comprehensive":[154],"literature":[155],"search":[156],"(17.7%),":[157],"lists":[158],"excluded":[160],"studies":[161,251],"reasons":[163],"exclusion":[165],"(19.1%),":[166],"description":[167],"detailed":[169],"(8.5%),":[171],"extraction":[172],"funding":[174],"source":[175],"from":[176],"trials":[178,189],"(10.6%),":[179],"consideration":[181],"risk":[184],"bias":[186],"when":[190],"synthesized":[191],"(16.3%)":[192],"interpret":[194],"(20.6%)":[195],"results.":[197],"Higher":[198],"quality":[200,228],"was":[201],"positively":[203],"associated":[204],"with":[205],"review.":[208],"Although":[209],"two-thirds":[210],"field":[217],"surgery":[219],"journals":[223],"ranking":[224],"Q1,":[225],"is":[229],"suboptimal":[230],"be":[234,262],"substantially":[235],"improved.":[236],"More":[237],"efforts":[238],"multi-disciplinary":[240],"teams'":[241],"collaboration,":[242],"continual":[243],"education":[244],"training,":[246],"integrally":[247],"connection":[248],"between":[249],"primary":[250],"contributing":[256],"practice":[260],"should":[261],"imperative.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-11-22T00:00:00"}