{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211298417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213070","title":"Applying Risk Indices to Assess and Manage Soil Salinization and Sodification in Crop Fields within a Mediterranean Hydro-Agricultural Area","display_name":"Applying Risk Indices to Assess and Manage Soil Salinization and Sodification in Crop Fields within a Mediterranean Hydro-Agricultural Area","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211298417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213070","mag":"3211298417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13213070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3070/pdf?version=1635852640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3070/pdf?version=1635852640","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081870161","display_name":"Alexandra Tomaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-112X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-112X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257011","display_name":"GeoBioTec - Geobioci\u00eancias Geotecnologias e Geo-engenharias","ror":"https://ror.org/04skveq52","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257011","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Tomaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","GeoBioTec, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-112X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GeoBioTec, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257011","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073159320","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Jo\u00e3o Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-2232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-2232"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21803372","display_name":"University of \u00c9vora","ror":"https://ror.org/02gyps716","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386740","display_name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra","ror":"https://ror.org/03emnsk32","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4403386740"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Jo\u00e3o Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","Earth Remote Sensing Laboratory (EaRSLab), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra (ICT), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-2232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Remote Sensing Laboratory (EaRSLab), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra (ICT), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21803372","https://openalex.org/I4403386740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074387712","display_name":"J. Coutinho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-9549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-9549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Coutinho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-9549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005941842","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 D\u00f4res","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-8752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-8752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 D\u00f4res","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044746674","display_name":"Adriana Catarino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-3633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-3633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriana Catarino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-3633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016944612","display_name":"In\u00eas Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-5542","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-5542"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In\u00eas Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028980050","display_name":"Clarisse Mourinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-3315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-3315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clarisse Mourinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020797891","display_name":"Isabel Guerreiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2786-0375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2786-0375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Guerreiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008743465","display_name":"Maria Margarida Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-2409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-2409"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Margarida Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084276285","display_name":"Marta Fabi\u00e3o","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091429","display_name":"Centro Operativo e de Tecnologia de Regadio","ror":"https://ror.org/001nqp226","country_code":"PT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091429"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Fabi\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Operativo e de Tecnologia de Regadio, Quinta da Sa\u00fade, Apartado 354, 7800-999 Beja, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Operativo e de Tecnologia de Regadio, Quinta da Sa\u00fade, Apartado 354, 7800-999 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036052005","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Boteta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091429","display_name":"Centro Operativo e de Tecnologia de Regadio","ror":"https://ror.org/001nqp226","country_code":"PT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091429"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00eds Boteta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Operativo e de Tecnologia de Regadio, Quinta da Sa\u00fade, Apartado 354, 7800-999 Beja, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Operativo e de Tecnologia de Regadio, Quinta da Sa\u00fade, Apartado 354, 7800-999 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047915081","display_name":"Manuel Patanita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-9950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-9950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257011","display_name":"GeoBioTec - Geobioci\u00eancias Geotecnologias e Geo-engenharias","ror":"https://ror.org/04skveq52","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257011","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Patanita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","GeoBioTec, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GeoBioTec, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257011","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057069690","display_name":"Patr\u00edcia Palma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-079X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-079X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21803372","display_name":"University of \u00c9vora","ror":"https://ror.org/02gyps716","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21803372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802390120","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Beja","ror":"https://ror.org/00t9n0h58","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386740","display_name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra","ror":"https://ror.org/03emnsk32","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4403386740"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patr\u00edcia Palma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra (ICT), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-079X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra (ICT), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21803372","https://openalex.org/I4403386740"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081870161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802390120","https://openalex.org/I4405257011","https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":0.4536,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5563873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"21","first_page":"3070","last_page":"3070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.8461999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.8461999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.13130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-salinization","display_name":"soil salinization","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-sodification","display_name":"soil sodification","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-index","display_name":"risk index","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-induced-salinity","display_name":"irrigation-induced salinity","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-salinization","display_name":"secondary salinization","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management-framework","display_name":"risk management framework","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-water-quality","display_name":"irrigation water quality","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage","display_name":"drainage","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-portugal","display_name":"southern Portugal","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.7161193490028381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6730460524559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141650431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754836","display_name":"Soil salinity","level":3,"score":0.6586450338363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.6351062059402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.5905818343162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5706428289413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4646841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13996","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","level":2,"score":0.5283825397491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.5082976222038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502990516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395383","display_name":"Agricultural land","level":3,"score":0.4518730342388153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112077630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623678","display_name":"Irrigation management","level":3,"score":0.447343111038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4468916356563568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.42140090465545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.41189518570899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.3260073661804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2659035921096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.12692523002624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.12412804365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07720452547073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07142579555511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13213070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3070/pdf?version=1635852640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.uevora.pt:10174/30654","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30654","pdf_url":"http://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/bitstream/10174/30654/1/2021_Tomaz_et_al_water.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/142602","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/142602","pdf_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/142602/1/water_13_03070.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10f2a2f6d1d54b1e855b8b60d569821e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10f2a2f6d1d54b1e855b8b60d569821e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Water, Vol 13, Iss 21, p 3070 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13213070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3070/pdf?version=1635852640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7014999985694885,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1167214205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1297482482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1516346500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01-0145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1578237752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1763632427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1841445896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G274581676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2801072194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007690","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2862451014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04683","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2973118172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04683/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3796055927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PDR2020-101-030926","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3840324753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145-FEDER-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3891694003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE_2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4065614957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIBD/00616/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4195537965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04683","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4236446690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04683/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4365926002","display_name":"INSTITUTO DE CI\u00caNCIAS DA TERRA","funder_award_id":"UIDB/04683/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4724859719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01-0145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G491858407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5224927334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5578530694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PDR2020-101-030926","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5677667711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5749419483","display_name":"GeoBioCi\u00eancias, GeoTecnologias e GeoEngenharias","funder_award_id":"UIDB/04035/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6374459194","display_name":"UID/GEO/04683 .: Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra","funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007690","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G673433670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145- FEDER-007690","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7965899483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145- FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8923147442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PDR2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G979545382","display_name":"GeoBioCi\u00eancias, GeoTecnologias e GeoEngenharias","funder_award_id":"UIDP/04035/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211298417.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211298417.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343531634","https://openalex.org/W1151068121","https://openalex.org/W1979865569","https://openalex.org/W1982836372","https://openalex.org/W1986494092","https://openalex.org/W2012836208","https://openalex.org/W2125837544","https://openalex.org/W2148900567","https://openalex.org/W2170874734","https://openalex.org/W2171730830","https://openalex.org/W2195238611","https://openalex.org/W2590334738","https://openalex.org/W2610735241","https://openalex.org/W2783529438","https://openalex.org/W2885933309","https://openalex.org/W2970140361","https://openalex.org/W2981086326","https://openalex.org/W2982434552","https://openalex.org/W2997075408","https://openalex.org/W3110780802","https://openalex.org/W4249898170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110780802","https://openalex.org/W4225922980","https://openalex.org/W2790942406","https://openalex.org/W2047236202","https://openalex.org/W2084242018","https://openalex.org/W4312661471","https://openalex.org/W3091769604","https://openalex.org/W7067532873","https://openalex.org/W2963044259","https://openalex.org/W597492987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Irrigation-induced":[0],"or":[1],"secondary":[2],"salinization":[3,48],"can":[4,203],"occur":[5],"when":[6],"salts":[7],"are":[8,25,168],"introduced":[9],"by":[10],"irrigation":[11,36,76,152],"water":[12,77],"and":[13,32,50,81,89,102,108,130,173],"accumulate":[14],"within":[15],"the":[16,29,33,45,96,100,115,118,123,138,146,150,156,197,206],"root":[17],"zone":[18],"due":[19,136],"to":[20,43,137,196,205],"insufficient":[21],"leaching.":[22],"Mediterranean":[23],"regions":[24],"especially":[26],"susceptible,":[27],"given":[28],"predominant":[30],"climate":[31],"expanding":[34],"of":[35,47,98,114,148,165,199,208],"areas.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"study,":[40],"two":[41],"indices":[42,104],"assess":[44],"risk":[46,125,166,177],"(RSA)":[49],"sodification":[51],"(RSO),":[52],"previously":[53],"applied":[54],"at":[55],"a":[56,62,176,183],"regional":[57],"scale,":[58],"were":[59,135],"used":[60],"in":[61,66,69,117,128,132,140,145,189],"hydro-agricultural":[63],"area":[64,116],"(AHA)":[65],"Southern":[67],"Portugal,":[68],"ten":[70],"crop":[71,120],"fields.":[72],"Information":[73],"on":[74,106,155],"climate,":[75],"quality,":[78],"soil":[79],"characteristics,":[80],"land":[82,157],"use":[83],"was":[84,180],"obtained":[85],"from":[86,90,193],"large":[87,107],"databases":[88],"local":[91],"data.":[92],"The":[93],"results":[94],"revealed":[95],"feasibility":[97],"using":[99],"RSA":[101,129],"RSO":[103],"both":[105],"smaller":[109],"scales,":[110],"seeing":[111],"as":[112],"most":[113],"monitored":[119],"fields":[121],"presented":[122],"same":[124],"classes":[126],"(62%":[127],"78%":[131],"RSO).":[133],"Deviations":[134],"reduction":[139],"scores":[141],"for":[142,186],"drainage":[143],"and,":[144],"case":[147],"RSO,":[149],"assigned":[151],"method":[153],"based":[154],"occupation":[158],"class.":[159],"Considering":[160],"that":[161,202],"different":[162,171],"spatial":[163],"scales":[164],"assessment":[167],"associated":[169],"with":[170],"objectives":[172],"management":[174,178],"options,":[175],"framework":[179],"outlined":[181],"following":[182],"multi-scale":[184],"perspective":[185],"mitigation":[187],"actions":[188],"salt-sensitive":[190],"areas,":[191],"ranging":[192],"territorial":[194],"planning":[195],"adoption":[198],"on-farm":[200],"practices":[201],"contribute":[204],"sustainability":[207],"irrigated":[209],"agriculture.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}