{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211242334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","title":"A Review of Biofouling of Ships\u2019 Internal Seawater Systems","display_name":"A Review of Biofouling of Ships\u2019 Internal Seawater Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211242334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","mag":"3211242334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596539584","display_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","issn_l":"2296-7745","issn":["2296-7745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039686851","display_name":"Ian Davidson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-6048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-6048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62912653","display_name":"Cawthron Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03sffqe64","country_code":"NZ","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62912653"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ian Davidson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62912653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016374523","display_name":"Patrick Louis Cahill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0109-7206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0109-7206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62912653","display_name":"Cawthron Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03sffqe64","country_code":"NZ","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62912653"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Cahill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62912653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arne Hinz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156171363","display_name":"Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wykxp39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156171363","https://openalex.org/I4387152882"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arne Hinz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156171363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065456905","display_name":"Daniel Kluza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-2609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-2609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I262074209","display_name":"Ministry for Primary Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/055y4y749","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I262074209"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kluza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I262074209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051148139","display_name":"Chris Scianni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-6941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-6941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425283","display_name":"State of California","ror":"https://ror.org/030sa3819","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Scianni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Invasive Species Program, California State Lands Commission, Sacramento, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Invasive Species Program, California State Lands Commission, Sacramento, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086947234","display_name":"Eugene Georgiades","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I262074209","display_name":"Ministry for Primary Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/055y4y749","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I262074209"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Georgiades","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I262074209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039686851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62912653"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":4.491,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95653968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12071","display_name":"Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12071","display_name":"Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12213","display_name":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofouling","display_name":"biofouling","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifouling-coatings","display_name":"antifouling coatings","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-invasions","display_name":"biological invasions","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-translocation","display_name":"species translocation","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosecurity","display_name":"biosecurity","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion","display_name":"corrosion","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen-contamination","display_name":"pathogen contamination","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seawater-cooling-system","display_name":"seawater cooling system","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast-water","display_name":"ballast water","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6047279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1439821","display_name":"Biofouling","level":3,"score":0.932694137096405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6521687507629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125907379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851537","display_name":"Ballast","level":2,"score":0.5992245078086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197248824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184395","display_name":"Seawater","level":2,"score":0.5101099610328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3958551287651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2366693615913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2167264223098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1336965560913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09481897950172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596539584","display_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","issn_l":"2296-7745","issn":["2296-7745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38ec19bf182447b0baf265d7a90dc081","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38ec19bf182447b0baf265d7a90dc081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.761531/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596539584","display_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","issn_l":"2296-7745","issn":["2296-7745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7778000235557556}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325265","display_name":"Ministry for Primary Industries","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211242334.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211242334.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8019360","https://openalex.org/W15478923","https://openalex.org/W163131304","https://openalex.org/W886881422","https://openalex.org/W1522036780","https://openalex.org/W1530080881","https://openalex.org/W1542539502","https://openalex.org/W1564355474","https://openalex.org/W1690313440","https://openalex.org/W1965593134","https://openalex.org/W1971173921","https://openalex.org/W1974031158","https://openalex.org/W1990247695","https://openalex.org/W1998971045","https://openalex.org/W2011446111","https://openalex.org/W2011725486","https://openalex.org/W2028393627","https://openalex.org/W2030358477","https://openalex.org/W2037478963","https://openalex.org/W2052525391","https://openalex.org/W2053580353","https://openalex.org/W2072474718","https://openalex.org/W2072640018","https://openalex.org/W2079889397","https://openalex.org/W2080096640","https://openalex.org/W2088501382","https://openalex.org/W2089548109","https://openalex.org/W2091266423","https://openalex.org/W2098525251","https://openalex.org/W2111497989","https://openalex.org/W2117237103","https://openalex.org/W2126153080","https://openalex.org/W2127477128","https://openalex.org/W2128355553","https://openalex.org/W2144439103","https://openalex.org/W2149633784","https://openalex.org/W2166742043","https://openalex.org/W2181496905","https://openalex.org/W2216164020","https://openalex.org/W2274508538","https://openalex.org/W2281028253","https://openalex.org/W2283191143","https://openalex.org/W2290711777","https://openalex.org/W2292587674","https://openalex.org/W2496717212","https://openalex.org/W2505792825","https://openalex.org/W2507656862","https://openalex.org/W2530830978","https://openalex.org/W2583044282","https://openalex.org/W2592309954","https://openalex.org/W2606317947","https://openalex.org/W2608564303","https://openalex.org/W2608931503","https://openalex.org/W2770299851","https://openalex.org/W2793249498","https://openalex.org/W2793995841","https://openalex.org/W2797893593","https://openalex.org/W2915103985","https://openalex.org/W2938142134","https://openalex.org/W2944599907","https://openalex.org/W2948016325","https://openalex.org/W2958025341","https://openalex.org/W2965855398","https://openalex.org/W2972209698","https://openalex.org/W2975127070","https://openalex.org/W3008774820","https://openalex.org/W3011871507","https://openalex.org/W3026236749","https://openalex.org/W3029617348","https://openalex.org/W3036577101","https://openalex.org/W3044219538","https://openalex.org/W3159851802","https://openalex.org/W4248190056","https://openalex.org/W6694520054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382199098","https://openalex.org/W7097426244","https://openalex.org/W4379799967","https://openalex.org/W2608564303","https://openalex.org/W2579401005","https://openalex.org/W7119593494","https://openalex.org/W235655163","https://openalex.org/W2290711777","https://openalex.org/W7096684663","https://openalex.org/W2010814491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internal":[0],"seawater":[1],"systems":[2],"(ISS)":[3],"are":[4,129,139,262],"critical":[5],"to":[6,78,131,223,227,250],"the":[7,75,144,225,234,239],"proper":[8],"functioning":[9],"of":[10,24,62,72,95,113,136,143,152,165,233,241],"maritime":[11],"vessels.":[12],"Sea":[13],"water":[14,43,53,170],"is":[15,147,159,196,221],"pumped":[16],"on":[17,110,154,161,212],"board":[18],"ships":[19],"for":[20,27,254],"a":[21,57,63,93,108],"broad":[22],"array":[23],"uses,":[25],"primarily":[26,197],"temperature":[28],"control":[29],"(e.g.,":[30,37,45],"engine":[31],"and":[32,40,42,49,69,115,118,134,141,156,167,173,181,190,202,209,238,257],"electrical":[33],"systems),":[34],"cooling":[35],"capacity":[36],"air":[38],"conditioners":[39],"refrigeration),":[41],"provision":[44],"drinking,":[46],"firefighting,":[47],"steam,":[48],"ballast).":[50],"Although":[51],"sea":[52],"may":[54],"spend":[55],"only":[56],"brief":[58],"period":[59],"within":[60],"ISS":[61,88,106,122,126,137,155,216,232],"vessel,":[64],"it":[65],"can":[66,82,89,187,246],"carry":[67],"microorganisms":[68],"larval":[70],"stages":[71],"macroorganisms":[73],"throughout":[74],"system":[76,84],"leading":[77],"biofouling":[79,114,123,138,153,229],"accumulation":[80],"that":[81,186],"impair":[83],"function":[85],"or":[86],"integrity.":[87],"also":[90],"act":[91],"as":[92],"sub-vector":[94],"species":[96],"translocations,":[97],"potentially":[98],"facilitating":[99],"biological":[100],"invasions.":[101],"This":[102],"review":[103],"describes":[104],"ships\u2019":[105],"with":[107,121],"focus":[109],"operational":[111,252],"impacts":[112],"current":[116],"drivers":[117],"barriers":[119],"associated":[120],"management.":[124],"As":[125],"internal":[127],"components":[128],"difficult":[130],"access,":[132],"reports":[133],"studies":[135],"uncommon":[140],"much":[142],"dedicated":[145],"literature":[146],"decades":[148],"old.":[149],"The":[150],"impact":[151],"vessel":[157,255],"operations":[158],"based":[160],"increased":[162],"surface":[163,178],"roughness":[164],"pipework":[166],"equipment,":[168],"restricted":[169],"flow,":[171],"corrosion":[172],"subsequent":[174],"component":[175],"impingement,":[176],"reduced":[177],"functional":[179],"efficiency,":[180],"potential":[182],"contamination":[183],"by":[184],"pathogens":[185],"affect":[188],"human":[189],"aquatic":[191],"animal":[192],"health.":[193],"Biofouling":[194],"management":[195],"achieved":[198],"using":[199],"antifouling":[200],"coatings":[201],"marine":[203],"growth":[204],"prevention":[205],"systems,":[206],"but":[207],"independent":[208],"accessible":[210],"data":[211],"their":[213],"efficacy":[214,240],"in":[215,231],"remain":[217],"limited.":[218],"Further":[219],"research":[220],"required":[222],"resolve":[224],"extent":[226],"which":[228],"occurs":[230],"modern":[235],"commercial":[236],"fleet":[237],"preventive":[242],"systems.":[243],"Such":[244],"information":[245],"ultimately":[247],"inform":[248],"decisions":[249],"improve":[251],"efficiency":[253],"operators":[256],"ensure":[258],"any":[259],"biosecurity":[260],"risks":[261],"appropriately":[263],"managed.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}