{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210196599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219960","title":"HCL Control Strategy for an Adaptive Roadway Lighting Distribution","display_name":"HCL Control Strategy for an Adaptive Roadway Lighting Distribution","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210196599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219960","mag":"3210196599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11219960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/9960/pdf?version=1635306137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/9960/pdf?version=1635306137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010973736","display_name":"Chun-Hsi Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Hsi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037336680","display_name":"Chun-Yu Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-4658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-4658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Yu Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-4658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018715086","display_name":"Jyh\u2010Cherng Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-7872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-7872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyh-Cherng Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009882974","display_name":"Kuan-Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4401-4380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4401-4380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054452474","display_name":"Shu-Fen Yan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu-Fen Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Taipei City 106335, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054443328","display_name":"Chien Hua Chiu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65595360","display_name":"Royal Roads University","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4ste42","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65595360"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien Hua Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Executive Master of Business Administration, Royal Roads University (RRU), Victoria, BC V9B5Y2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Executive Master of Business Administration, Royal Roads University (RRU), Victoria, BC V9B5Y2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65595360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112700698","display_name":"Min Che Ho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["JP","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Che Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University (NCU), Tao-Yuan 32011, Taiwan","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University (NCU), Tao-Yuan 32011, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010973736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":0.6266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57968524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"21","first_page":"9960","last_page":"9960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13527","display_name":"Road Transport and Highway Systems","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-lighting","display_name":"street lighting","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lighting-control-strategies","display_name":"lighting control strategies","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freeform-lens-design","display_name":"freeform lens design","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance-meter","display_name":"luminance meter","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iot-sensors","display_name":"IoT sensors","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance-uniformity","display_name":"luminance uniformity","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zigbee-communication","display_name":"ZigBee wireless communication","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-centric-lighting","display_name":"human-centric lighting","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.8225092887878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36365805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194411","display_name":"Illuminance","level":2,"score":0.7319138646125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.6343114972114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.6114136576652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5946061611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44146984815597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.43051090836524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3870566487312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3531349301338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23357558250427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20805886387825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11219960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/9960/pdf?version=1635306137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d60a58b69ff44dcb9e8d0ec72ab13cd0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d60a58b69ff44dcb9e8d0ec72ab13cd0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 21, p 9960 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11219960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219960","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/9960/pdf?version=1635306137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7250000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210196599.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210196599.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510691964","https://openalex.org/W1966087300","https://openalex.org/W1969907841","https://openalex.org/W1983157591","https://openalex.org/W1985729437","https://openalex.org/W1987650035","https://openalex.org/W1989156645","https://openalex.org/W1991444177","https://openalex.org/W1996745563","https://openalex.org/W2009350638","https://openalex.org/W2009956827","https://openalex.org/W2027159359","https://openalex.org/W2033567403","https://openalex.org/W2034931816","https://openalex.org/W2035631938","https://openalex.org/W2035683603","https://openalex.org/W2036094580","https://openalex.org/W2039273122","https://openalex.org/W2043861739","https://openalex.org/W2056204228","https://openalex.org/W2057039357","https://openalex.org/W2072475671","https://openalex.org/W2073128855","https://openalex.org/W2075856796","https://openalex.org/W2094905880","https://openalex.org/W2101499860","https://openalex.org/W2113901671","https://openalex.org/W2121114951","https://openalex.org/W2556054590","https://openalex.org/W2595643949","https://openalex.org/W2900377067","https://openalex.org/W3096305631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075773027","https://openalex.org/W2587731479","https://openalex.org/W2529395692","https://openalex.org/W2798504267","https://openalex.org/W3118587704","https://openalex.org/W2257948246","https://openalex.org/W4391217733","https://openalex.org/W576723877","https://openalex.org/W2098947260","https://openalex.org/W4313034853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,176,198],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,30,48,73,96,107,158,171,194,205],"develop":[4],"a":[5,154,213],"human-centric,":[6],"intelligent":[7],"lighting":[8],"control":[9,138,196],"system":[10,177],"using":[11,146],"adaptive":[12],"LED":[13,113,121],"lights":[14,122],"in":[15,181],"roadway":[16,114,155,179,210],"lighting,":[17,211],"integrated":[18],"with":[19],"an":[20,26,147],"imaging":[21],"luminance":[22,43,169,180],"meter":[23],"that":[24,162],"uses":[25,103,190],"IoT":[27],"sensor":[28],"driver":[29],"detect":[31],"the":[32,50,53,101,118,124,128,166,191,200],"brightness":[33],"of":[34,52,112,120,140,153,202],"road":[35,88,98],"surfaces.":[36],"AI":[37],"image":[38],"data":[39],"are":[40,58,67,91,135,144],"collected":[41,92],"for":[42,60,69,80,84,87,93],"and":[44,83,123,133,137,168,189,207],"vehicle":[45],"conditions":[46],"analyses":[47],"adjust":[49],"output":[51,201],"photometric":[54,126,173],"curve.":[55],"Type-A":[56],"lenses":[57,66,161],"designed":[59,68],"R3":[61],"dry":[62],"roads,":[63,72,79],"while":[64],"Type-B":[65],"W1":[70],"wet":[71],"solve":[74],"hazards":[75],"caused":[76],"by":[77],"slippery":[78],"optimizing":[81],"safety":[82],"visual":[85,187],"clarity":[86],"users.":[89],"Data":[90],"establishing":[94],"formulae":[95],"optimize":[97],"lighting.":[99,115],"First,":[100],"research":[102],"zonal":[104],"flux":[105],"analysis":[106],"design":[108,159],"secondary":[109],"optical":[110,160],"components":[111],"Based":[116],"on":[117],"distribution":[119],"target":[125],"curve,":[127],"freeform":[129],"surface":[130,143],"calculation":[131],"model":[132],"formula":[134],"established,":[136],"points":[139],"each":[141],"curved":[142],"calculated":[145],"iterative":[148],"method.":[149],"The":[150],"reflection":[151],"coefficient":[152],"is":[156],"used":[157],"take":[163],"into":[164],"account":[165],"illuminance":[167],"uniformity":[170],"produce":[172],"curves":[174],"accordingly.":[175],"monitors":[178],"real":[182],"time,":[183],"which":[184],"simulates":[185],"drivers\u2019":[186],"experiences":[188],"ZigBee":[192],"protocol":[193],"transmit":[195],"commands.":[197],"optimizes":[199],"light":[203],"according":[204],"weather":[206],"produces":[208],"quality":[209],"providing":[212],"safer":[214],"driving":[215],"environment.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
