{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210134066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","title":"Outcomes of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients in National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Outcomes of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients in National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210134066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","mag":"3210134066","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34732554","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9149735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","pdf_url":"https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/42/11/1217.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73848604","display_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","issn_l":"0379-5284","issn":["0379-5284","1658-3175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319313","host_organization_name":"Ministry of Defence and Aviation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ministry of Defence and Aviation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/42/11/1217.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111286448","display_name":"Salwa ALRashed ALHumaid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salwa ALHumaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006606344","display_name":"Mohammed Elkrim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. Elkrim","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043321658","display_name":"Yazeed A. AlOqaili","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazeed A. AlOqaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059153152","display_name":"Ghada Alsowailmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-0576","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-0576"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghada A. AlSowailmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045677238","display_name":"Fahad A. AlObaid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad A. AlObaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011951728","display_name":"Abdulaziz A Alsalem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2196-1287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2196-1287","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0308-7251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulaziz A. AlSalem","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008518837","display_name":"Mohammed A. Alqabasani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. AlQabasani","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021200051","display_name":"Yaseen M. Arabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-6241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-6241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaseen M. Arabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020488720","display_name":"Hasan M. Al\u2010Dorzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-8949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-8949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan M. AlDorzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery; from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ALHumaid, Elkrim, AlOqaili, AlObaid, AlSalem, AlQabasani), Department of Surgery","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Intensive Care Unit (Arabi, AlDorzi), King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital National Guard Health Affairs, and from the College of Medicine (AlSowailmi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059153152"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405","https://openalex.org/I4517696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3099,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5313236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"11","first_page":"1217","last_page":"1222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11260","display_name":"Tracheal and airway disorders","score":0.8833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11260","display_name":"Tracheal and airway disorders","score":0.8833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracheostomy","display_name":"tracheostomy","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weaning-from-mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"weaning from mechanical ventilation","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extubation-failure","display_name":"extubation failure","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prolonged-mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"prolonged mechanical ventilation","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9747575521469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.7318127751350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778716859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939018","display_name":"Intubation","level":2,"score":0.7184836864471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780655333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333203","display_name":"Weaning","level":2,"score":0.6371273994445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994199306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3336883","display_name":"National guard","level":2,"score":0.5019125938415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4964328408241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.48385918140411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47375398874282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3215143084526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.22822251915931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.21075615286827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.186125248670578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.1841980516910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012121","descriptor_name":"Respiration, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014139","descriptor_name":"Tracheostomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","pdf_url":"https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/42/11/1217.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73848604","display_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","issn_l":"0379-5284","issn":["0379-5284","1658-3175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319313","host_organization_name":"Ministry of Defence and Aviation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ministry of Defence and Aviation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34732554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34732554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9149735","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9149735/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Med J","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210505","pdf_url":"https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/42/11/1217.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73848604","display_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","issn_l":"0379-5284","issn":["0379-5284","1658-3175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319313","host_organization_name":"Ministry of Defence and Aviation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ministry of Defence and Aviation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210134066.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210134066.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059796825","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2599076725","https://openalex.org/W3008090866","https://openalex.org/W3009885589","https://openalex.org/W3015696390","https://openalex.org/W3017184960","https://openalex.org/W3023201105","https://openalex.org/W3034544043","https://openalex.org/W3106136033","https://openalex.org/W4229509352","https://openalex.org/W4292229870","https://openalex.org/W6776835211","https://openalex.org/W6779382594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200602731","https://openalex.org/W4401289849","https://openalex.org/W4309750771","https://openalex.org/W3181200442","https://openalex.org/W3158643355","https://openalex.org/W4309730482","https://openalex.org/W4393222661","https://openalex.org/W4318542886","https://openalex.org/W4210754974","https://openalex.org/W4411856076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives:":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"coronavirus":[3],"disease":[4],"2019":[5],"(COVID-19)":[6],"patient":[7],"tracheostomy":[8,60,82,111,191],"outcomes.":[9],"Methods:":[10],"All":[11],"COVID-19":[12],"patients":[13,176],"at":[14],"the":[15,53,76,127,147],"National":[16],"Guard":[17],"Hospital,":[18],"Riyadh,":[19],"Saudi":[20],"Arabia,":[21],"were":[22,34,46,50,62,88,103,113,136,172,193],"retrospectively":[23],"recruited.":[24],"Those":[25],"who":[26],"had":[27],"tracheostomies":[28],"between":[29],"April":[30],"and":[31,52,69,96,108,132,167,188],"December":[32],"2020":[33],"included.":[35],"Results:":[36],"The":[37,59,78,117,149,158],"population":[38],"was":[39,56,84,123,154,162],"45":[40],"patients,":[41],"of":[42,75],"which":[43],"30":[44],"(66.7%)":[45],"males,":[47],"15":[48],"(33.3%)":[49],"females":[51,135],"mean":[54,79,118,150],"age":[55],"66.76\u00b112.74":[57],"years.":[58],"indications":[61],"anticipated":[63],"prolonged":[64],"weaning":[65,152],"in":[66,72],"40":[67],"(88.9%)":[68],"failed":[70],"extubation":[71],"5":[73],"(11.1%)":[74],"patients.":[77,183],"intubation":[80,109,189],"to":[81,93,110,121,164,190],"duration":[83,112,192],"20.62\u00b17.21":[85],"days.":[86,125,156],"Mortalities":[87],"high,":[89],"with":[90],"most":[91],"attributed":[92,163],"COVID-19.":[94,165],"Mortality":[95,107,166],"a":[97,168],"pre-tracheostomy":[98,169],"C-reactive":[99],"protein":[100],"(CRP)":[101],"uptrend":[102,171,175],"significantly":[104,115,173,195],"related":[105],"(p=0.039).":[106],"not":[114,194],"related.":[116,196],"post-tracheostomy":[119],"time":[120,153],"death":[122],"10.64\u00b16.9":[124],"Among":[126],"survivors,":[128],"20":[129],"(44.4%)":[130],"males":[131],"11":[133],"(24.4%)":[134],"weaned":[137],"off":[138],"mechanical":[139],"ventilation;":[140],"9":[141],"(20%)":[142],"remained":[143],"on":[144],"ventilation":[145,151],"during":[146],"study.":[148],"27.92\u00b120":[155],"Conclusion:":[157],"high":[159],"mortality":[160,187],"rate":[161],"CRP":[170],"related;":[174],"experienced":[177],"far":[178],"more":[179],"mortalities":[180],"than":[181],"downtrend":[182],"Unlike":[184],"previous":[185],"findings,":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}