{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210115754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00130.x","title":"Tenderness of Beef.","display_name":"Tenderness of Beef.","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210115754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00130.x","mag":"3210115754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00130.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00130.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00130.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23579880","display_name":"Journal of Food Science","issn_l":"0022-1147","issn":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036537487","display_name":"Sylvia Cover","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SYLVIA COVER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110325985","display_name":"Sanford J. Ritchey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. J. RITCHEY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111798798","display_name":"ROBERT L. HOSTETLER","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ROBERT L. HOSTETLER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96041781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"476","last_page":"482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10333","display_name":"Meat and Animal Product Quality","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10333","display_name":"Meat and Animal Product Quality","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10473","display_name":"Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10411","display_name":"Proteins in Food Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beef-tenderness","display_name":"beef tenderness","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juiciness","display_name":"juiciness","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking-temperature","display_name":"cooking temperature","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biceps-femoris","display_name":"biceps femoris","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longissimus-muscle","display_name":"longissimus dorsi","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking-time","display_name":"cooking time","score":0.734000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780003869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4922732","display_name":"Tenderness","level":2,"score":0.8779294490814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363","display_name":"Biceps","level":2,"score":0.721980631351471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779744641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9614","display_name":"Tongue","level":2,"score":0.5849680304527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994380767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085907","display_name":"Longissimus dorsi","level":2,"score":0.548895001411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781419344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47038","display_name":"Cheek","level":2,"score":0.5481269359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.48673394322395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780347363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601016","display_name":"Biceps femoris muscle","level":3,"score":0.4853891134262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68731436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337087","display_name":"Sarcomere","level":3,"score":0.4232948422431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019720173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10426","display_name":"Cooked meat","level":2,"score":0.41078051924705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.35146236419677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2704087495803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.24043411016464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22956624627113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18243974447250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207200792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428914","display_name":"Myocyte","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00130.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00130.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1962.tb00130.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23579880","display_name":"Journal of Food Science","issn_l":"0022-1147","issn":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.40450000762939453}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W968283987","https://openalex.org/W1923387672","https://openalex.org/W1967852385","https://openalex.org/W2035223510","https://openalex.org/W2107458466","https://openalex.org/W2164212156","https://openalex.org/W3193929621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090124603","https://openalex.org/W2039684560","https://openalex.org/W2066033489","https://openalex.org/W2024828233","https://openalex.org/W2014612292","https://openalex.org/W2091197261","https://openalex.org/W2075802082","https://openalex.org/W2109604190","https://openalex.org/W2088163740","https://openalex.org/W2094821675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SUMMARY":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"reports":[3],"work":[4],"related":[5],"to":[6,16,22,31,50,70,77,86,94,103,137,160],"scores":[7],"for":[8,143],"juiciness":[9,120],"and":[10,18,20,37,57,72,74,89,102,106,139],"two":[11],"components":[12,130],"of":[13,97,109,127,131,146,162],"tenderness:":[14],"softness":[15,21,69,136],"tongue":[17,71,138],"cheek,":[19,140],"tooth":[23,78],"pressure.":[24,79],"As":[25],"steak":[26],"temperature":[27],"increased":[28],"from":[29,99],"61":[30],"80\u00b0C":[32],"the":[33,104,128,147],"meat":[34],"became":[35,54,62,75],"drier":[36,56,63],"harder,":[38],"hut":[39],"more":[40],"markedly":[41],"in":[42,68,84,149,158],"biceps":[43,59,150],"femoris":[44,60,151],"than":[45],"longissimus":[46,52],"dorsi.":[47],"From":[48],"80":[49],"100\u00b0C,":[51],"dorsi":[53],"still":[55],"harder;":[58],"also":[61],"but":[64],"did":[65],"not":[66,122],"change":[67],"cheek":[73],"softer":[76],"These":[80],"changes":[81],"were":[82],"studied":[83],"relation":[85,159],"cooking":[87],"times":[88],"weight":[90],"losses":[91],"during":[92],"cooking;":[93],"percent":[95],"loss":[96],"water":[98],"raw":[100],"meat;":[101],"size":[105],"possible":[107],"hydration":[108],"muscle":[110],"fibers.":[111],"Correlations":[112],"calculated":[113],"on":[114],"a":[115],"lot\u2010muscle\u2010temperature":[116],"basis":[117],"indicated":[118],"that":[119],"was":[121,135],"closely":[123],"associated":[124],"with":[125],"any":[126],"six":[129],"tenderness.":[132],"The":[133,154],"closest":[134],"which":[141],"accounted":[142],"about":[144],"35%":[145],"variation":[148],"at":[152],"80\u00b0C.":[153],"results":[155],"are":[156],"discussed":[157],"theories":[161],"tendering":[163],"or":[164],"toughening.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
