{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209683111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s312108","title":"Efficacy of an Intranasal Tear Neurostimulator in Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome Patients","display_name":"Efficacy of an Intranasal Tear Neurostimulator in Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome Patients","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209683111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s312108","mag":"3209683111","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737542","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8558046"},"language":"sv","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/opth.s312108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s312108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s312108","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=75269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105513329","display_name":"Clinical ophthalmology","issn_l":"1177-5467","issn":["1177-5467","1177-5483"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=75269","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109473571","display_name":"Jonathan Lilley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4409-6265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4409-6265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Lilley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108831146","display_name":"Erin C. O'Neil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erin C O'Neil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019653657","display_name":"Vatinee Y. Bunya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-0040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-0040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vatinee Y Bunya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085948291","display_name":"Kennedy Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kennedy Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075836236","display_name":"Gui\u2010Shuang Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-1355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-1355"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui-Shuang Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059831145","display_name":"Peiying Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-4144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-4144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiying Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109928847","display_name":"Mina Massaro\u2010Giordano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mina Massaro-Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109928847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":2320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2320},"apc_paid":{"value":2320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2320},"fwci":1.7299,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83897549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 15","issue":null,"first_page":"4291","last_page":"4296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":0.023000000044703484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sjogren-s-syndrome","display_name":"Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-eye-disease","display_name":"dry eye","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tear-production","display_name":"tear secretion","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schirmer-test","display_name":"Schirmer test","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lacrimal-function","display_name":"lacrimal function","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-surface-disease","display_name":"ocular surface disease","score":0.8389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9160637259483337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85663871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6966562","display_name":"Nasal administration","level":2,"score":0.7263296842575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.6840627193450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.19378042221069336}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/opth.s312108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s312108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s312108","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=75269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105513329","display_name":"Clinical ophthalmology","issn_l":"1177-5467","issn":["1177-5467","1177-5483"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7453120","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8558046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8558046","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8558046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Ophthalmol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34737542","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/opth.s312108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s312108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s312108","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=75269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105513329","display_name":"Clinical ophthalmology","issn_l":"1177-5467","issn":["1177-5467","1177-5483"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5998838723","display_name":"Developing new methods for early detection of Sjogren's syndrome","funder_award_id":"R01EY026972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000900625","display_name":"P30 Core Grant For Vision Research","funder_award_id":"P30EY001583","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332585","display_name":"Allergan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wthd003"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209683111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209683111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030711090","https://openalex.org/W2051575873","https://openalex.org/W2161607058","https://openalex.org/W2346421161","https://openalex.org/W2417936417","https://openalex.org/W2421632691","https://openalex.org/W2540091234","https://openalex.org/W2596272934","https://openalex.org/W2757694113","https://openalex.org/W2900424219","https://openalex.org/W2900496685","https://openalex.org/W2908806111","https://openalex.org/W2942661628","https://openalex.org/W2974823801","https://openalex.org/W2996313933","https://openalex.org/W3011235219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900496685","https://openalex.org/W2908806111","https://openalex.org/W2974823801","https://openalex.org/W2772946879","https://openalex.org/W4310170836","https://openalex.org/W3101689783","https://openalex.org/W2613760689","https://openalex.org/W1964114085","https://openalex.org/W3041969558","https://openalex.org/W2596272934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,77,83,94,127,148,157,194,242,250,265,291,305],"efficacy":[4],"and":[5,43,53,90,115,134,151,165,193,255,281],"safety":[6],"of":[7,73,93,156,202,241,249,264,275,290,315],"an":[8,45],"intranasal":[9,89,219,243],"tear":[10,270],"neurostimulator":[11],"(ITN)":[12],"device":[13,220,231,244,267,293],"in":[14,30,76,96,109,129,147,172,212,272,312],"Sj\u00f6gren":[15],"syndrome":[16],"(SS)":[17],"patients.":[18,317],"METHODS:":[19],"This":[20],"was":[21,215,282,294],"a":[22,39,54,67,199,273,313],"two-visit":[23],"prospective,":[24],"randomized,":[25],"controlled,":[26],"same-day":[27],"crossover":[28],"study":[29],"participants":[31,162],"with":[32,56,66],"SS.":[33],"Inclusion":[34],"criteria":[35],"were":[36,107,123,138,163,167,246],"assessed":[37],"at":[38,62,101],"baseline":[40,118,183,195,252,280],"screening":[41],"visit":[42],"included":[44],"Ocular":[46],"Surface":[47],"Disease":[48],"Index":[49],"(OSDI)":[50],"score":[51,185,197,254],"\u226513,":[52],"Schirmer":[55,105,130,196,213,253],"anesthesia":[57],"\u226410":[58],"mm/5":[59],"min":[60],"(in":[61],"least":[63,102],"one":[64],"eye),":[65],"cotton":[68],"swab":[69],"stimulation":[70],"induced":[71],"increase":[72],"\u22654":[74],"mm":[75],"same":[78,149,158],"eye.":[79],"Participants":[80],"returned":[81],"for":[82,142,218],"application":[84,114,221,232,245,263],"visit,":[85],"where":[86],"they":[87],"received":[88],"extranasal":[91,230,286],"applications":[92],"ITN":[95,266,292],"random":[97],"sequence,":[98],"separated":[99],"by":[100],"60":[103],"min.":[104],"scores":[106,131,214],"measured":[108],"both":[110],"eyes":[111,155],"after":[112],"each":[113],"compared":[116,228,278],"to":[117,125,140,176,189,208,229,279],"values.":[119],"Generalized":[120],"linear":[121],"models":[122],"performed":[124],"compare":[126],"change":[128],"from":[132,144,153,174,187,206],"baseline,":[133],"generalized":[135],"estimating":[136],"equations":[137],"used":[139],"account":[141],"correlations":[143],"repeated":[145],"measurements":[146,152],"eye":[150],"two":[154],"patient.":[159],"RESULTS:":[160],"Fifty-five":[161],"screened":[164],"35":[166],"enrolled":[168],"(all":[169],"female),":[170],"ranging":[171,205],"age":[173],"31":[175],"72":[177],"years":[178],"(mean,":[179,191],"57":[180],"years).":[181],"The":[182,239],"OSDI":[184],"ranged":[186],"14":[188],"91":[190],"50.5),":[192],"had":[198],"mean":[200],"(SD)":[201],"6.4":[203],"(3.5)":[204],"0":[207],"20":[209],"(mm/5min).":[210],"Improvement":[211],"significantly":[216,268],"greater":[217],"(13.5":[222],"mm/5min,":[223],"95%":[224,234],"CI:":[225,235],"10.4,":[226],"16.5)":[227],"(0.8mm/5min,":[233],"-0.9,":[236],"2.4)":[237],"(p<0.0001).":[238],"effects":[240],"significant":[247],"regardless":[248],"participant's":[251],"systemic":[256],"SS":[257,276,316],"medication":[258],"usage":[259],"(p<0.05).":[260],"CONCLUSION:":[261],"Intranasal":[262],"increased":[269],"production":[271,289],"subset":[274,314],"patients":[277],"more":[283],"effective":[284,311],"than":[285],"application.":[287],"While":[288],"recently":[295],"discontinued,":[296],"our":[297],"findings":[298],"suggest":[299],"that":[300,303],"other":[301],"therapies":[302],"neurostimulate":[304],"lacrimal":[306],"function":[307],"unit":[308],"may":[309],"be":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
