{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209580403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","title":"Spatial Analysis and Modelling of Wind Farm Site Suitability in Nasarawa State, North-Central Nigeria","display_name":"Spatial Analysis and Modelling of Wind Farm Site Suitability in Nasarawa State, North-Central Nigeria","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209580403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","mag":"3209580403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=112790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7818144","display_name":"Journal of Geographic Information System","issn_l":"2151-1950","issn":["2151-1950","2151-1969"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geographic Information System","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=112790","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011498051","display_name":"Chukwunonso Emmanuel Ozim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6717-3227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6717-3227"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwunonso Emmanuel Ozim","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIS Unit, Enugu Electricity Distribution Company, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIS Unit, Enugu Electricity Distribution Company, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030589656","display_name":"Anita Odionyenfe Nweke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anita Odionyenfe Nweke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008521298","display_name":"Ekpo Abraham Salamatu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6341-9624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6341-9624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salamatu Abraham Ekpo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027497026","display_name":"Oladeinde Stephen Olufemi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087579","display_name":"National Space Research and Development Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/005epk420","country_code":"NG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801477186","https://openalex.org/I4210087579","https://openalex.org/I4210122850"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olufemi Stephen Oladeinde","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Space Research and Development Agency, Obasanjo Space Centre, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Research and Development Agency, Obasanjo Space Centre, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064142790","display_name":"Haruna Kuje Ayuba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-0013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-0013"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haruna Kuje Ayuba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015861157","display_name":"Udochukwu Michael Mbanaso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Udochukwu Michael Mbanaso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35135902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"05","first_page":"603","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.43650001287460327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.43650001287460327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.24079999327659607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.23579999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-farm-site-suitability","display_name":"wind farm site suitability","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy","display_name":"wind energy","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-siting","display_name":"renewable energy siting","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-criteria-decision-making","display_name":"multi-criteria decision making","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"analytic hierarchy process","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"fuzzy logic","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighted-linear-combination","display_name":"weighted linear combination","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suitability-index","display_name":"suitability index","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-scenarios","display_name":"policy scenarios","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasarawa-state","display_name":"Nasarawa State","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lafia","display_name":"Lafia","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obi","display_name":"Obi","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wamba","display_name":"Wamba","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government-areas","display_name":"local government areas","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development-goals","display_name":"Sustainable Development Goals","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-restrictions","display_name":"land use restrictions","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exclusion-zones","display_name":"exclusion zones","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11105738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895805","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.7509961724281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.7287907004356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5890650153160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.501906156539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.495688796043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.435011088848114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.43159496784210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4263593852519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.40630125999450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3897188901901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36621910333633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33656376600265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2665065824985504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.24705684185028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20254266262054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.15619975328445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1369231939315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12026798725128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=112790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7818144","display_name":"Journal of Geographic Information System","issn_l":"2151-1950","issn":["2151-1950","2151-1969"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geographic Information System","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=112790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7818144","display_name":"Journal of Geographic Information System","issn_l":"2151-1950","issn":["2151-1950","2151-1969"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geographic Information System","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209580403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209580403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503316432","https://openalex.org/W2020835889","https://openalex.org/W2034059870","https://openalex.org/W2046078150","https://openalex.org/W2056079641","https://openalex.org/W2062221259","https://openalex.org/W2070602616","https://openalex.org/W2091295796","https://openalex.org/W2129886664","https://openalex.org/W2136050606","https://openalex.org/W2168961439","https://openalex.org/W2232034389","https://openalex.org/W2890535272","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4237742967","https://openalex.org/W4245817769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591749700","https://openalex.org/W4365137431","https://openalex.org/W2763623309","https://openalex.org/W7117379674","https://openalex.org/W7165282682","https://openalex.org/W2883905899","https://openalex.org/W4226369430","https://openalex.org/W2091295796","https://openalex.org/W7162207938","https://openalex.org/W2741825611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"an":[3,39],"increasing":[4],"global":[5],"and":[6,13,31,49,57,74,96,152,165,195,236,265,310,325,382],"local":[7],"interest":[8],"in":[9,63,225,251,331,379,395],"developing":[10],"renewable,":[11],"clean,":[12],"cheap":[14],"energy":[15,36,394],"towards":[16],"achieving":[17],"Goal":[18],"number":[19],"7":[20],"of":[21,77,91,118,138,158,186,209,232,256,270,278,299,343,359,364,392],"the":[22,71,102,106,121,126,139,163,166,169,179,184,196,216,228,257,262,268,284,287,294,300,314,332,336,344,356,390,396],"Sustainable":[23],"Development":[24],"Goals":[25],"(SDG).":[26],"However,":[27,321],"decisions":[28],"involving":[29],"suitable":[30,198,230,346],"sustainable":[32,81],"locations":[33,189,199,219,378],"for":[34,79,178,267,293,353,372,389],"renewable":[35],"projects":[37,246],"remain":[38],"important":[40],"task.":[41],"This":[42],"study":[43,86,302],"employed":[44],"Geographic":[45],"Information":[46],"System":[47],"(GIS)":[48],"Multi-Criteria":[50],"Decision":[51],"Analysis":[52],"(MCDA)":[53],"to":[54,69,114,143,227],"spatially":[55],"analyze":[56,144],"model":[58],"wind":[59,82,210,244,290,360,373,393],"farm":[60,83,211,245,291],"site":[61,212],"suitability":[62,119,171,175,282],"Nasarawa":[64,365],"State.":[65,122,258,285,397],"The":[66,85,99,123,173,238,375],"aim":[67],"is":[68],"integrate":[70],"environmental,":[72],"social,":[73],"economic":[75,153],"aspects":[76],"decision-making":[78],"identifying":[80],"sites.":[84],"distinguished":[87],"between":[88],"two":[89],"sets":[90],"decision":[92,94,97,240],"criteria:":[93],"constraints":[95,164],"factors.":[98],"former":[100],"defined":[101],"exclusion":[103,269],"zones":[104],"while":[105],"latter":[107],"were":[108,190,234,313,327],"standardized":[109],"based":[110],"on":[111,215],"fuzzy":[112,275],"logic":[113],"depict":[115],"varying":[116,207],"degrees":[117,185,208],"across":[120,283],"MCDA":[124],"applied":[125],"weighted":[127],"linear":[128],"combination":[129,157],"method,":[130],"with":[131,203,222,272,329],"relative":[132],"weights":[133],"generated":[134],"through":[135],"pairwise":[136],"comparisons":[137],"analytic":[140],"hierarchy":[141],"process":[142],"three":[145],"policy":[146,181,333],"scenarios:":[147],"equal":[148],"weights,":[149],"environmental/social":[150],"priority,":[151],"priority":[154,218,316,337],"scenario.":[155],"A":[156],"resulting":[159,174],"composite":[160,239],"maps":[161],"from":[162],"factors":[167],"gave":[168],"final":[170],"maps.":[172],"index":[176],"(SI)":[177],"respective":[180],"scenario":[182,296],"describes":[183],"suitability:":[187],"Ideal":[188],"denoted":[191],"by":[192,200],"one":[193,340],"(1)":[194],"not":[197,248],"zero":[201],"(0),":[202],"values":[204],"in-between":[205],"depicting":[206],"suitability.":[213],"Based":[214],"SI,":[217],"indicating":[220,280],"areas":[221],"good":[223],"prospects,":[224],"addition":[226],"most":[229,345],"parcels":[231,347],"land,":[233],"identified":[235,315],"delineated.":[237],"constraint":[241,264],"revealed":[242],"that":[243],"would":[247],"be":[249],"viable":[250],"more":[252,342],"than":[253],"half":[254],"(57.58%)":[255],"Wind":[259],"speed":[260],"was":[261,297],"major":[263],"accounted":[266],"46.25%,":[271],"a":[273],"mean":[274],"membership":[276],"value":[277],"0.2008":[279],"low":[281],"Also,":[286],"average":[288],"acceptable":[289],"location":[292],"three-policy":[295],"33.33%":[298],"entire":[301],"area.":[303],"Lafia,":[304,323,380],"Obi,":[305,324],"Keana,":[306],"Awe,":[307],"Nasarawa-Eggon,":[308,381],"Wamba":[309],"Kokona":[311],"LGAs":[312,338,384],"Local":[317],"Government":[318],"Areas":[319],"(LGAs).":[320],"only":[322],"Nasarawa-Eggon":[326],"consistent":[328],"changes":[330],"objectives.":[334],"All":[335],"have":[339,386],"or":[341],"within":[348],"their":[349],"administrative":[350],"boundaries":[351],"except":[352],"Wamba.":[354],"Despite":[355],"severe":[357],"limitations":[358],"speed,":[361],"substantial":[362],"parts":[363],"State":[366],"still":[367],"provide":[368],"great":[369],"development":[370,391],"potentials":[371],"energy.":[374],"\u201cmost":[376],"suitable\u201d":[377],"Obi":[383],"should":[385],"first":[387],"consideration":[388]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
