{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209529987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000787656.54690.ce","title":"S3531 Melanosis Coli: Harmless Deposit or Chronic Intestinal Injury?","display_name":"S3531 Melanosis Coli: Harmless Deposit or Chronic Intestinal Injury?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209529987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000787656.54690.ce","mag":"3209529987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000787656.54690.ce","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000787656.54690.ce","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000787656.54690.ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66441642","display_name":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0002-9270","issn":["0002-9270","1572-0241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078832028","display_name":"Amir Riaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-3658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-3658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108700","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/0155k7414","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750","https://openalex.org/I4210108700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Riaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051742386","display_name":"Zaid Rana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802655110","display_name":"Larkin Community Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02wcweb64","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaid Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, FL;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, FL;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084116668","display_name":"Emmanuel A. McDonald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802655110","display_name":"Larkin Community Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02wcweb64","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel A. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039398825","display_name":"Faris H. Pacha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802655110","display_name":"Larkin Community Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02wcweb64","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faris H. Pacha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103840698","display_name":"Juan Sarol","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802655110","display_name":"Larkin Community Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02wcweb64","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Sarol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"116","issue":"1","first_page":"S1450","last_page":"S1450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.5570999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.5570999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.1648000031709671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13569","display_name":"Microscopic Colitis","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanosis-coli","display_name":"melanosis coli","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthraquinone-laxatives","display_name":"anthraquinone laxatives","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senna","display_name":"Senna","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constipation","display_name":"constipation","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-polyps","display_name":"colorectal polyps","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-grade-adenoma","display_name":"low-grade adenoma","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer-risk","display_name":"colorectal cancer risk","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucosal-pigmentation","display_name":"mucosal pigmentation","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonoscopic-findings","display_name":"colonoscopy findings","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-colonoscopy","display_name":"screening colonoscopy","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-neoplasms","display_name":"colorectal neoplasia","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperlipidemia","display_name":"hyperlipidemia","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis-of-abdominal-pain","display_name":"differential diagnosis of abdominal pain","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9282578229904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778435480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840387","display_name":"Colonoscopy","level":4,"score":0.7119619846343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781112942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178436","display_name":"Constipation","level":2,"score":0.6568590402603149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6299853324890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777148277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6811539","display_name":"Melanosis","level":3,"score":0.5755027532577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5657362341880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780661987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217972","display_name":"Laxative","level":3,"score":0.5473634004592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.47946202754974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642049","display_name":"Hematochezia","level":5,"score":0.4767119288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779456107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311117","display_name":"Senna","level":2,"score":0.4101567268371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.22304964065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.16716381907463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777658100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180614","display_name":"Melanoma","level":2,"score":0.07602524757385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000787656.54690.ce","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000787656.54690.ce","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000787656.54690.ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66441642","display_name":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0002-9270","issn":["0002-9270","1572-0241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214249112","https://openalex.org/W7099159215","https://openalex.org/W1854991028","https://openalex.org/W7096075402","https://openalex.org/W7039532939","https://openalex.org/W2365917678","https://openalex.org/W194515363","https://openalex.org/W1979067478","https://openalex.org/W2380019174","https://openalex.org/W6946137088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Melanosis":[1],"coli":[2,32,61,205,266,294,319,344],"refers":[3],"to":[4,9,77,106,169],"mucosal":[5,163],"pigmentation":[6,164],"often":[7,17],"related":[8],"lipofuscin":[10],"and":[11,49,88,109,128,150,213,231],"rarely":[12],"melanin.":[13],"It":[14,53,311,335],"is":[15,54,206],"most":[16,23],"associated":[18,37,207,297],"with":[19,38,59,96,208,264,292,298,317,342],"chronic":[20],"laxative":[21,97],"abuse,":[22],"notably":[24],"laxatives":[25],"of":[26,46,66,83,173,180,224,235,250,259,302,357,363],"the":[27,78,170,181,189,284,337,358,364],"anthraquinone":[28],"family.":[29],"While":[30],"melanosis":[31,60,204,265,293,318,343,359,367],"has":[33],"not":[34],"directly":[35],"been":[36],"colon":[39,51,167,183],"cancer,":[40],"data":[41],"suggests":[42],"a":[43,63,221,232,247,256],"higher":[44,222,233,257],"incidence":[45,223,249,258],"both":[47],"neoplastic":[48],"non-neoplastic":[50],"polyps.":[52],"also":[55,219,255,313],"suggested":[56],"that":[57,290,315],"patients":[58,263,291,316,341],"have":[62,346],"high":[64],"rate":[65],"distal":[67,215,324],"ileal":[68,216,325],"ulcers.":[69,217],"Case":[70],"Description/Methods:":[71],"A":[72,286],"52-year-old":[73],"Hispanic":[74],"female":[75],"presented":[76],"outpatient":[79],"clinic":[80],"for":[81,117,126,134,155,161],"evaluation":[82,177],"significant":[84,160],"abdominal":[85],"pain,":[86],"constipation,":[87,127],"rectal":[89],"pain.":[90],"Initially,":[91],"her":[92,101,147,166,174],"constipation":[93,102,149],"was":[94,113,124,132,153,159,178,186,254,295,312],"relieved":[95],"use.":[98],"She":[99,112,137],"reported":[100],"overtime":[103],"became":[104],"refractory":[105],"lifestyle":[107],"modifications":[108],"medical":[110,122],"management.":[111],"taking":[114],"senna-plus":[115],"daily":[116],"approximately":[118],"one":[119],"year.":[120],"Past":[121],"history":[123,131],"notable":[125],"hyperlipidemia.":[129],"Family":[130],"negative":[133],"gastrointestinal":[135],"cancer.":[136],"denied":[138],"hematochezia,":[139],"melena,":[140],"hematemesis,":[141],"dysphagia,":[142],"heartburn":[143],"or":[144,196,349],"odynophagia.":[145],"Given":[146],"persistent":[148],"age,":[151],"she":[152],"scheduled":[154],"screening":[156],"colonoscopy.":[157],"Colonoscopy":[158],"diffuse":[162,190],"throughout":[165],"extending":[168],"right":[171],"side":[172],"colon.":[175],"Careful":[176],"made":[179],"entire":[182],"however,":[184],"visualization":[185],"difficult":[187],"given":[188],"pigmentation.":[191],"No":[192],"obvious":[193],"polyps,":[194,227,238,277],"masses,":[195],"lesions":[197],"were":[198],"visualized.":[199],"Discussion:":[200],"Per":[201],"literature":[202],"review,":[203],"significantly":[209,321],"more":[210,322,347],"colorectal":[211,226,237,244,251],"polyps":[212,245,348,355],"nonspecific":[214,323],"Studies":[218],"noted":[220,314],"numerous":[225],"greater":[228],"than":[229,283,327],"20,":[230],"number":[234],"small":[236,243],"<":[239,271],"5mm.":[240],"Although":[241],"these":[242],"pose":[246],"smaller":[248],"neoplasm,":[252],"there":[253],"low-grade":[260,303],"adenomas":[261],"in":[262],"(31.1%":[267],"vs":[268,279,331],"23.3%,":[269],"p":[270],"0.05)":[272,282],"as":[273,275,352],"well":[274],"non-adenoma":[276],"(20.1%":[278],"12.8%,":[280],"p<":[281,309,333],"controls.":[285],"multivariate":[287],"analysis":[288],"showed":[289],"independently":[296],"increased":[299],"detecting":[300],"rates":[301],"adenoma":[304],"(OR":[305],"=1.54;":[306],"95:":[307],"1.0-2.23;":[308],"0.05).":[310],"had":[320],"ulcers":[326],"did":[328],"controls":[329],"(8%":[330],"0%,":[332],"0.001).":[334],"raises":[336],"question":[338],"of,":[339],"do":[340],"actually":[345],"are":[350],"we":[351],"gastroenterologists":[353],"missing":[354],"because":[356],"coli?Figure":[360],"1.:":[361],"Pictures":[362],"colonoscopy":[365],"showing":[366],"coli.":[368]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}