{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209491007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072553","title":"The ratio of alkali modulus in strength development of class c fly ash geopolymer mortar","display_name":"The ratio of alkali modulus in strength development of class c fly ash geopolymer mortar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209491007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072553","mag":"3209491007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0072553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764696622","display_name":"AIP conference proceedings","issn_l":"0094-243X","issn":["0094-243X","1551-7616","1935-0465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIP Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088370194","display_name":"Arie Wardhono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23758234","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01jf74q70","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arie Wardhono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061322862","display_name":"Bambang Sabariman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-1704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-1704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23758234","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01jf74q70","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bambang Sabariman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020661773","display_name":"Muhammad Firdaus Imaduddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-4927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-4927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23758234","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01jf74q70","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Imaduddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077924027","display_name":"Mochamad Firmansyah Sofianto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2484-1985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2484-1985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23758234","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01jf74q70","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Firmansyah Sofianto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050543287","display_name":"Ninik Wahju Hidajati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3470-3885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3470-3885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23758234","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01jf74q70","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninik W. Hidajati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009319781","display_name":"M. Trismandani Nur Prakoso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23758234","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01jf74q70","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Trismandani Nur Prakoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086514817","display_name":"A. Hajjar Pradipta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23758234","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01jf74q70","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Hajjar Pradipta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088370194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23758234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29114286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2447","issue":null,"first_page":"030012","last_page":"030012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12247","display_name":"Microbial Applications in Construction Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash-geopolymer","display_name":"fly ash geopolymer","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-c-fly-ash","display_name":"Class C fly ash","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-silicate","display_name":"sodium silicate","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-hydroxide","display_name":"sodium hydroxide","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strength-development","display_name":"strength development","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement-replacement","display_name":"cement replacement","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-activator","display_name":"alkaline activator","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/na2o-content","display_name":"Na2O content","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/room-temperature-curing","display_name":"ambient curing","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.9371709823608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779947509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54910469","display_name":"Sodium silicate","level":2,"score":0.8114305734634399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26462","display_name":"Geopolymer","level":3,"score":0.8051508665084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7320500612258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198091228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19557","display_name":"Alkali metal","level":2,"score":0.5679611563682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.5555687546730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.5417635440826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.5413375496864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.532569944858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.49743130803108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4827286899089813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780300285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416365","display_name":"Calcium silicate","level":2,"score":0.4475671052932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769","display_name":"Sodium hydroxide","level":2,"score":0.44105058908462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196029304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584","display_name":"Young's modulus","level":2,"score":0.4210774898529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15986314415931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.059048086404800415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0072553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764696622","display_name":"AIP conference proceedings","issn_l":"0094-243X","issn":["0094-243X","1551-7616","1935-0465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIP Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90696332","https://openalex.org/W2016046630","https://openalex.org/W2033157122","https://openalex.org/W2048314124","https://openalex.org/W2049698421","https://openalex.org/W2075477213","https://openalex.org/W2125164125","https://openalex.org/W2150583969","https://openalex.org/W2336626281","https://openalex.org/W2386130083","https://openalex.org/W2398395770","https://openalex.org/W2625502340","https://openalex.org/W2748635950","https://openalex.org/W2759580132","https://openalex.org/W2759759944","https://openalex.org/W2772752214","https://openalex.org/W2884029360","https://openalex.org/W2902731448","https://openalex.org/W2902841153","https://openalex.org/W2912759985","https://openalex.org/W3167841154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092468521","https://openalex.org/W2783824162","https://openalex.org/W3021510552","https://openalex.org/W7164188296","https://openalex.org/W2763287771","https://openalex.org/W3200711279","https://openalex.org/W2217967501","https://openalex.org/W2529467010","https://openalex.org/W7212363833","https://openalex.org/W2133315256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fly":[0],"ash":[1,23,68,85,165,227],"as":[2,231],"cement":[3,232],"replacement":[4,233],"material":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9,230],"due":[10,208],"to":[11,55,97,107,113,133,203,209],"the":[12,44,57,116,128,155,180,196,205,210],"environmentally":[13],"unfriendly":[14],"production":[15],"process":[16],"of":[17,21,35,59,66,100,104,119,130,158,174,193,212],"cement.":[18],"The":[19,75,102,121,140,151],"combination":[20],"fly":[22,67,84,164,226],"and":[24,48,90,148,171],"alkaline":[25],"activator":[26],"produce":[27],"geopolymer.":[28],"However,":[29],"it":[30,216],"requires":[31],"a":[32,95],"specific":[33],"ratio":[34,62,103,129,173],"alkali":[36,60,122,182,197],"modulus":[37,61,123,183,198],"which":[38],"can":[39,185,218,228],"be":[40,186,219,229],"achieved":[41,162,187],"by":[42,163],"determining":[43],"correct":[45],"sodium":[46,88,105,169],"silicate":[47,89,106,170],"NaOH":[49,91,108,172],"ratio.":[50],"This":[51,176],"research":[52],"aim":[53],"is":[54,188],"identify":[56],"role":[58],"in":[63],"strength":[64,141,157,207],"development":[65,142],"geopolymer":[69,166,206],"mortar":[70,167],"cured":[71],"at":[72,145],"room":[73],"temperature.":[74],"specimen":[76],"was":[77,109,124,143,161],"developed":[78],"using":[79],"high":[80,222],"calcium":[81,223],"class":[82,224],"C":[83,225],"combined":[86],"with":[87,94,115,168,190],"12":[92],"Molar":[93],"water":[96],"solid":[98],"ration":[99],"0.35.":[101],"vary":[110],"from":[111,136],"0.5":[112],"4.0":[114],"increased":[117],"interval":[118],"0.5.":[120],"determined":[125],"based":[126],"on":[127],"total":[131,134],"SiO2":[132],"Na2O":[135,191,213],"all":[137],"precursor":[138],"materials.":[139,234],"measured":[144],"7,":[146],"14,":[147],"28":[149],"days.":[150],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154,179,184,221],"highest":[156,181],"55.14":[159],"MPa":[160],"1.5.":[175],"result":[177],"shows":[178],"2.18":[189],"content":[192],"11.89%.":[194],"Increasing":[195],"beyond":[199],"this":[200],"value":[201],"tend":[202],"reduce":[204],"decrease":[211],"content.":[214],"Moreover,":[215],"also":[217],"considered":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}