{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209455083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","title":"On Mechanisms of Proton Perpendicular Heating in the Solar Wind: Test Results Based on Wind Observations","display_name":"On Mechanisms of Proton Perpendicular Heating in the Solar Wind: Test Results Based on Wind Observations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209455083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","mag":"3209455083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3209455083"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011120532","display_name":"G. Q. Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117164","display_name":"Luoyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/029man787","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo-Qing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang 471934, China","Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang 471934, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076403223","display_name":"H. Q. Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-8066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-8066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117164","display_name":"Luoyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/029man787","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heng-Qiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-8066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110068809","display_name":"D. J. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-5508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-5508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802340896","display_name":"Purple Mountain Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02eb4t121","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802340896"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De-Jin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-5508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802340896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409482","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-8161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-8161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117164","display_name":"Luoyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/029man787","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027529628","display_name":"Yan Ping Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-7552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-7552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117164","display_name":"Luoyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/029man787","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054993894","display_name":"Zhanjun Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-168X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-168X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117164","display_name":"Luoyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/029man787","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan-Jun Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Physics, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; fenghq9921@163.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076403223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117164"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2592,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47740142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"015009","last_page":"015009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"solar wind","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-heating","display_name":"stochastic heating","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclotron-resonance-heating","display_name":"cyclotron resonance heating","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinetic-alfven-waves","display_name":"kinetic Alfv\u00e9n waves","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-beta","display_name":"plasma beta","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-energy-spectra","display_name":"magnetic energy spectra","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-spacecraft-observations","display_name":"Wind spacecraft observations","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7934681177139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.7923814058303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.5975216627120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121130766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510","display_name":"Wavenumber","level":2,"score":0.5275499224662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.5098113417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199631012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205034","display_name":"Perpendicular","level":2,"score":0.46412089467048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39527238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204469","display_name":"Cyclotron","level":3,"score":0.4468661844730377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.4150616228580475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73155160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675721","display_name":"Landau damping","level":3,"score":0.412829726934433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19572284817695618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.10743799805641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1049979031085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-4527/ac3413/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1050562494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1583233014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11873018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5970741871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41874204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209455083.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209455083.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502202890","https://openalex.org/W1596335353","https://openalex.org/W1664006824","https://openalex.org/W1792229946","https://openalex.org/W1966260009","https://openalex.org/W1966270605","https://openalex.org/W1970175890","https://openalex.org/W1972681334","https://openalex.org/W1974266815","https://openalex.org/W1975142487","https://openalex.org/W1975650335","https://openalex.org/W1977344833","https://openalex.org/W2003730429","https://openalex.org/W2005753234","https://openalex.org/W2006466707","https://openalex.org/W2007430414","https://openalex.org/W2013906959","https://openalex.org/W2017777920","https://openalex.org/W2018877520","https://openalex.org/W2023024188","https://openalex.org/W2023184584","https://openalex.org/W2027824283","https://openalex.org/W2032796170","https://openalex.org/W2038150110","https://openalex.org/W2038527638","https://openalex.org/W2052630722","https://openalex.org/W2058354142","https://openalex.org/W2062877735","https://openalex.org/W2072853513","https://openalex.org/W2073636876","https://openalex.org/W2075058524","https://openalex.org/W2077401584","https://openalex.org/W2082449640","https://openalex.org/W2082689668","https://openalex.org/W2082959177","https://openalex.org/W2083656757","https://openalex.org/W2084962502","https://openalex.org/W2089753211","https://openalex.org/W2097208940","https://openalex.org/W2115667446","https://openalex.org/W2118448635","https://openalex.org/W2134333776","https://openalex.org/W2139623174","https://openalex.org/W2150067632","https://openalex.org/W2154195703","https://openalex.org/W2159125503","https://openalex.org/W2167604281","https://openalex.org/W2207160378","https://openalex.org/W2238128563","https://openalex.org/W2252946925","https://openalex.org/W2321565098","https://openalex.org/W2761693719","https://openalex.org/W2785272930","https://openalex.org/W2794694748","https://openalex.org/W2800135357","https://openalex.org/W2883583488","https://openalex.org/W2893035953","https://openalex.org/W2896549139","https://openalex.org/W2900770074","https://openalex.org/W2904773656","https://openalex.org/W2914068512","https://openalex.org/W2947774626","https://openalex.org/W2954152428","https://openalex.org/W2969301823","https://openalex.org/W2980659396","https://openalex.org/W2993685652","https://openalex.org/W2995336302","https://openalex.org/W3002577737","https://openalex.org/W3002620890","https://openalex.org/W3003056425","https://openalex.org/W3004494377","https://openalex.org/W3004522689","https://openalex.org/W3012437292","https://openalex.org/W3033886606","https://openalex.org/W3037354512","https://openalex.org/W3045200772","https://openalex.org/W3084003589","https://openalex.org/W3084781895","https://openalex.org/W3101911180","https://openalex.org/W3105430708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995336302","https://openalex.org/W3088021011","https://openalex.org/W2900770074","https://openalex.org/W2767595955","https://openalex.org/W2139623174","https://openalex.org/W4417267367","https://openalex.org/W2006466707","https://openalex.org/W2084975063","https://openalex.org/W2989173598","https://openalex.org/W3004522689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"solar":[2,84,116],"wind":[3,85,117],"protons":[4],"undergo":[5],"significant":[6],"perpendicular":[7,37],"heating":[8,17,21,38,65,71,93,102,108,131,137,143,193],"when":[9,159],"they":[10],"propagate":[11],"in":[12,67,148],"the":[13,36,49,76,83,91,106,115,123,125,141,152,160,177],"interplanetary":[14],"space.":[15],"Stochastic":[16],"and":[18,59],"cyclotron":[19,196],"resonance":[20,192],"due":[22,194],"to":[23,97,145,176,195],"kinetic":[24],"Alfv\u00e9n":[25],"waves":[26],"(KAWs)":[27],"are":[28,95,165,174],"two":[29,50],"proposed":[30],"mechanisms.":[31],"Which":[32],"mechanism":[33,203],"accounts":[34],"for":[35,48],"is":[39,156],"still":[40],"an":[41],"open":[42],"question.":[43],"This":[44,188],"paper":[45],"performs":[46],"tests":[47],"mechanisms":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53,75,122],"Wind":[54],"observations":[55],"during":[56],"2004":[57],"June":[58],"2019":[60],"May.":[61],"Results":[62],"show":[63],"that":[64,105,140,191],"rates":[66,94,132],"terms":[68],"of":[69,78,127,163,172,198],"stochastic":[70,107,142],"theory":[72],"considerably":[73],"depend":[74],"parameter":[77],"plasma":[79],"\u03b2":[80,89,120],".":[81],"For":[82,114],"with":[86,118],"moderately":[87],"high":[88],",":[90,121],"theoretical":[92,130],"comparable":[96],"or":[98],"larger":[99],"than":[100,135],"empirical":[101,136],"rates,":[103,138],"suggesting":[104],"could":[109,200],"be":[110,146,201],"a":[111],"powerful":[112],"mechanism.":[113],"low":[119],"contrary,":[124],"majority":[126],"data":[128],"have":[129,206],"much":[133],"lower":[134],"showing":[139],"seems":[144],"weak":[147],"this":[149],"case.":[150],"On":[151],"other":[153],"hand,":[154],"it":[155],"found":[157],"that,":[158],"propagation":[161,207],"angles":[162,208],"KAWs":[164,173,199,205],"around":[166,209],"70\u00b0,":[167],"theoretically":[168],"predicted":[169],"damping":[170,197],"wavenumbers":[171,179],"equal":[175],"observed":[178],"at":[180],"which":[181],"magnetic":[182],"energy":[183],"spectra":[184],"become":[185],"significantly":[186],"steep.":[187],"may":[189],"imply":[190],"another":[202],"if":[204],"70\u00b0.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
