{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209257943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111784","title":"Enhanced Subcontractors Allocation for Apartment Construction Project Applying Conceptual 4D Digital Twin Framework","display_name":"Enhanced Subcontractors Allocation for Apartment Construction Project Applying Conceptual 4D Digital Twin Framework","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209257943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111784","mag":"3209257943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132111784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111784","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11784/pdf?version=1635387693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11784/pdf?version=1635387693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076318896","display_name":"Woong-Gi Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woong-Gi Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016211806","display_name":"Namhyuk Ham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-9248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-9248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109995039","display_name":"Hanyang Cyber University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkqcq07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109995039"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Namhyuk Ham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Architecture and Urban Engineering, Hanyang Cyber University, 220, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-9248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Architecture and Urban Engineering, Hanyang Cyber University, 220, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109995039"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102768649","display_name":"Jae-Jun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-4501","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-4501"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Jun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016211806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109995039"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"fwci":1.6145,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80662229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"21","first_page":"11784","last_page":"11784"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10395","display_name":"Construction Project Management and Performance","score":0.02160000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"resource allocation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apartment-construction","display_name":"apartment construction","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-production-systems","display_name":"construction production systems","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queuing-model","display_name":"queuing model","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-information-modeling","display_name":"building information modeling","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-packages","display_name":"work packages","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-teams","display_name":"work teams","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-in-construction","display_name":"uncertainty in construction","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-index","display_name":"performance index","score":0.8220000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6388354897499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5406128764152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.5394656658172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5344957709312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5322943329811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4881795048713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4854491353034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.46305370330810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.44948938488960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.37444818019866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22423288226127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13621342182159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132111784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111784","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11784/pdf?version=1635387693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11784-:d:664268","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11784/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c372b053b55431cbee0c56e13cb9b1f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c372b053b55431cbee0c56e13cb9b1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11784, p 11784 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132111784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111784","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11784/pdf?version=1635387693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1652821681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2021R1F1A1052050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6011355836","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1F1A1052050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209257943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209257943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505704652","https://openalex.org/W1788581127","https://openalex.org/W1952294081","https://openalex.org/W1967311507","https://openalex.org/W1968893105","https://openalex.org/W1975227197","https://openalex.org/W1988887698","https://openalex.org/W1993175182","https://openalex.org/W1994624022","https://openalex.org/W1999393241","https://openalex.org/W1999902051","https://openalex.org/W2009333025","https://openalex.org/W2011828403","https://openalex.org/W2015855948","https://openalex.org/W2046074714","https://openalex.org/W2052085466","https://openalex.org/W2056532744","https://openalex.org/W2063020385","https://openalex.org/W2073808744","https://openalex.org/W2075555902","https://openalex.org/W2076090047","https://openalex.org/W2085312714","https://openalex.org/W2087819613","https://openalex.org/W2097732261","https://openalex.org/W2109341366","https://openalex.org/W2152649386","https://openalex.org/W2155221001","https://openalex.org/W2157450921","https://openalex.org/W2160490649","https://openalex.org/W2239801686","https://openalex.org/W2274387082","https://openalex.org/W2296850831","https://openalex.org/W2346505350","https://openalex.org/W2464994113","https://openalex.org/W2482127302","https://openalex.org/W2496239703","https://openalex.org/W2511059485","https://openalex.org/W2518003110","https://openalex.org/W2596654672","https://openalex.org/W2597150627","https://openalex.org/W2607234710","https://openalex.org/W2737942390","https://openalex.org/W2750204659","https://openalex.org/W2756219604","https://openalex.org/W2766054868","https://openalex.org/W2796348832","https://openalex.org/W2866521088","https://openalex.org/W2890904471","https://openalex.org/W2891094752","https://openalex.org/W2905550452","https://openalex.org/W2909637212","https://openalex.org/W2945140924","https://openalex.org/W2945836416","https://openalex.org/W3006456036","https://openalex.org/W3107782157","https://openalex.org/W3124293405","https://openalex.org/W3135486707","https://openalex.org/W3215914977","https://openalex.org/W4246086479","https://openalex.org/W6675609619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4207065338","https://openalex.org/W4205795783","https://openalex.org/W4293100155","https://openalex.org/W4415994659","https://openalex.org/W4414974387","https://openalex.org/W2005733202","https://openalex.org/W4401680391","https://openalex.org/W7203869697","https://openalex.org/W7214794386","https://openalex.org/W4405857756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,195],"problem":[1],"of":[2,5,22,51,94,138,145,156,163,174,183,191,207,245],"optimal":[3,252],"allocation":[4,162,232],"resources":[6],"in":[7,18,39,132,198,224,235],"limited":[8],"circumstances":[9],"to":[10,31,73,80,152,160,170,179,202,211,241],"handle":[11],"assigned":[12],"tasks":[13],"has":[14,221],"been":[15,29],"dealt":[16],"with":[17],"a":[19,58,70,77,85,110,114,136,222],"wide":[20],"variety":[21],"research":[23,26,59],"fields.":[24],"Various":[25],"methodologies":[27],"have":[28,121],"proposed":[30,62],"address":[32],"uncertainties":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35,105,113],"waiting":[36],"and":[37,76,109,187],"waste":[38],"construction":[40,52,66,96],"projects,":[41,119],"but":[42,219],"they":[43],"do":[44],"not":[45],"take":[46],"into":[47,69],"account":[48],"the":[49,65,92,95,139,142,146,154,157,161,172,175,180,184,188,192,205,208,212,243],"complexity":[50],"production":[53,67,97],"systems.":[54],"In":[55,83,165],"this":[56,124,199],"study,":[57],"approach":[60],"was":[61,99,150,168],"that":[63,225,249],"simplified":[64],"system":[68,98,158,209],"work":[71,78,185,193],"package":[72],"be":[74,127],"serviced":[75],"group":[79,186],"provide":[81,251],"services.":[82],"addition,":[84,166],"conceptual":[86],"4D":[87],"digital":[88],"twin":[89],"framework":[90,102,125,196],"considering":[91],"uncertainty":[93],"proposed.":[100],"This":[101],"includes":[103],"BIM":[104],"an":[106,229],"information":[107],"model":[108,112],"queuing":[111,147],"decision-making":[115,257],"model.":[116],"Through":[117],"case":[118],"we":[120],"presented":[122,197],"how":[123],"can":[126,250],"used":[128],"for":[129],"decision":[130],"making":[131],"several":[133],"statuses.":[134],"As":[135],"result":[137],"analysis":[140],"using":[141],"performance":[143,176],"index":[144,177],"model,":[148],"it":[149,167,220,226,238],"possible":[151,169],"monitor":[153],"status":[155],"according":[159,178,210],"resources.":[164],"confirm":[171],"improvement":[173],"additional":[181],"arrangement":[182],"activity":[189],"cycle":[190],"package.":[194],"study":[200],"helps":[201],"quantitatively":[203],"analyze":[204],"state":[206],"input":[213],"data":[214],"based":[215],"on":[216],"empirical":[217],"knowledge,":[218],"limitation":[223],"cannot":[227],"present":[228],"optimized":[230],"resource":[231],"solution.":[233],"Therefore,":[234],"future":[236],"research,":[237],"is":[239],"necessary":[240],"consider":[242],"grafting":[244],"machine":[246],"learning":[247],"technology":[248],"solutions":[253],"by":[254],"solving":[255],"complex":[256],"problems.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}