{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209211404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1545","title":"Complement and microglia dependent synapse elimination in brain development","display_name":"Complement and microglia dependent synapse elimination in brain development","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209211404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1545","mag":"3209211404","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34738335","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9066608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/wsbm.1545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393919100","display_name":"WIREs Mechanisms of Disease","issn_l":"2692-9368","issn":["2692-9368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIREs Mechanisms of Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9066608","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078141862","display_name":"Breeanne M. Soteros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-5165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-5165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Breeanne M. Soteros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-5165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042810242","display_name":"Gek-Ming Sia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-0065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-0065"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gek Ming Sia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-0065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042810242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"],"apc_list":{"value":4650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6132,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51537884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"e1545","last_page":"e1545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10993","display_name":"Complement system in diseases","score":0.04500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.015599999576807022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-pruning","display_name":"synaptic pruning","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement-system","display_name":"complement system","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia","display_name":"microglia","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-development","display_name":"brain development","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement-receptors","display_name":"complement receptors","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement-inhibitors","display_name":"complement inhibitors","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytosis","display_name":"phagocytosis","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglial-activation","display_name":"microglial activation","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodevelopmental-disorders","display_name":"neurodevelopmental disorders","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-target","display_name":"therapeutic target","score":0.6209999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778399782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2124069","display_name":"Synaptic pruning","level":4,"score":0.9303683042526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.806564450263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7514139413833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.7183972597122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111684460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334848","display_name":"Complement system","level":3,"score":0.7133544087409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5944287180900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175773311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156412","display_name":"Complement receptor","level":4,"score":0.5500931143760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.47825634479522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.4193843603134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.23128613829612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.20313218235969543}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001927","descriptor_name":"Brain Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003165","descriptor_name":"Complement System Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017628","descriptor_name":"Microglia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/wsbm.1545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393919100","display_name":"WIREs Mechanisms of Disease","issn_l":"2692-9368","issn":["2692-9368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIREs Mechanisms of Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34738335","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34738335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIREs mechanisms of disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9066608","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9066608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WIREs Mech Dis","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9066608","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9066608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WIREs Mech Dis","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8078210772","display_name":"Sushi domain proteins as synapse protective factors in brain development and aging","funder_award_id":"R01NS112389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314011","display_name":"William and Ella Owens Medical Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0101ppd69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1456373634","https://openalex.org/W1835941416","https://openalex.org/W1904307646","https://openalex.org/W1927796084","https://openalex.org/W1950026089","https://openalex.org/W1960544894","https://openalex.org/W1966728711","https://openalex.org/W1967200526","https://openalex.org/W1974103256","https://openalex.org/W1975902371","https://openalex.org/W1976204741","https://openalex.org/W1980789245","https://openalex.org/W1986246328","https://openalex.org/W1989278867","https://openalex.org/W1990535528","https://openalex.org/W2002012536","https://openalex.org/W2005676577","https://openalex.org/W2011041653","https://openalex.org/W2011465123","https://openalex.org/W2018843440","https://openalex.org/W2019169142","https://openalex.org/W2020634566","https://openalex.org/W2023355522","https://openalex.org/W2025011978","https://openalex.org/W2026397702","https://openalex.org/W2027685672","https://openalex.org/W2033617297","https://openalex.org/W2035319691","https://openalex.org/W2036126415","https://openalex.org/W2039016023","https://openalex.org/W2040268226","https://openalex.org/W2056748460","https://openalex.org/W2066943555","https://openalex.org/W2067217824","https://openalex.org/W2069242625","https://openalex.org/W2071482305","https://openalex.org/W2074254586","https://openalex.org/W2077357462","https://openalex.org/W2078790950","https://openalex.org/W2083054478","https://openalex.org/W2083758179","https://openalex.org/W2085066803","https://openalex.org/W2091636370","https://openalex.org/W2092935640","https://openalex.org/W2094030933","https://openalex.org/W2095444125","https://openalex.org/W2096327192","https://openalex.org/W2098391962","https://openalex.org/W2101357408","https://openalex.org/W2105549490","https://openalex.org/W2108994842","https://openalex.org/W2109875016","https://openalex.org/W2113359311","https://openalex.org/W2113455273","https://openalex.org/W2114724410","https://openalex.org/W2117434453","https://openalex.org/W2120911948","https://openalex.org/W2121738142","https://openalex.org/W2123920960","https://openalex.org/W2124940469","https://openalex.org/W2125236750","https://openalex.org/W2134505400","https://openalex.org/W2135266046","https://openalex.org/W2137395087","https://openalex.org/W2140477475","https://openalex.org/W2146264275","https://openalex.org/W2146437136","https://openalex.org/W2149303131","https://openalex.org/W2151498098","https://openalex.org/W2152913498","https://openalex.org/W2158734603","https://openalex.org/W2162500823","https://openalex.org/W2163487275","https://openalex.org/W2166663076","https://openalex.org/W2167860770","https://openalex.org/W2238460669","https://openalex.org/W2255138985","https://openalex.org/W2274754252","https://openalex.org/W2279727909","https://openalex.org/W2390090246","https://openalex.org/W2462925203","https://openalex.org/W2464851698","https://openalex.org/W2594676718","https://openalex.org/W2599637813","https://openalex.org/W2610833203","https://openalex.org/W2622747611","https://openalex.org/W2740570637","https://openalex.org/W2757315691","https://openalex.org/W2759454242","https://openalex.org/W2775939341","https://openalex.org/W2787301818","https://openalex.org/W2790139801","https://openalex.org/W2801885674","https://openalex.org/W2806131738","https://openalex.org/W2809247973","https://openalex.org/W2809523642","https://openalex.org/W2886215053","https://openalex.org/W2891617662","https://openalex.org/W2896935109","https://openalex.org/W2898106407","https://openalex.org/W2900612430","https://openalex.org/W2911701742","https://openalex.org/W2914482125","https://openalex.org/W2922584262","https://openalex.org/W2936184700","https://openalex.org/W2945125269","https://openalex.org/W2950336920","https://openalex.org/W2951541013","https://openalex.org/W2993255527","https://openalex.org/W2999279779","https://openalex.org/W3007716443","https://openalex.org/W3021345946","https://openalex.org/W3032487381","https://openalex.org/W3040942181","https://openalex.org/W3041329673","https://openalex.org/W3089379338","https://openalex.org/W3099968757","https://openalex.org/W3114419121","https://openalex.org/W3141689381","https://openalex.org/W3154601095","https://openalex.org/W3202416727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740570637","https://openalex.org/W2122037893","https://openalex.org/W2963200417","https://openalex.org/W4386810500","https://openalex.org/W2032870346","https://openalex.org/W2900077654","https://openalex.org/W7132890035","https://openalex.org/W7162486137","https://openalex.org/W4393219255","https://openalex.org/W4396614419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synapse":[0],"elimination,":[1],"also":[2,106],"known":[3],"as":[4,77,79,163],"synaptic":[5],"pruning,":[6],"is":[7,62,173],"a":[8,164],"critical":[9],"step":[10],"in":[11,36,109,132],"the":[12,24,28,73,93,110,119,128,138,142,158],"maturation":[13],"of":[14,27,75,95,98,112,121,123,147,160],"neural":[15],"circuits":[16],"during":[17,44,100,153],"brain":[18,115,154,169],"development.":[19,101],"Mounting":[20],"evidence":[21,140],"indicates":[22],"that":[23,41,71,81,118],"complement":[25,49,58,69],"cascade":[26],"innate":[29],"immune":[30],"system":[31,104,162],"plays":[32],"an":[33],"important":[34],"role":[35],"synapse":[37,124,151],"elimination.":[38],"Studies":[39],"indicate":[40],"excess":[42],"synapses":[43,99],"development":[45],"are":[46],"opsonized":[47],"by":[48,54,64],"proteins":[50],"and":[51,85,144,149,156,180,188,195],"subsequently":[52],"phagocytosed":[53],"microglia":[55],"which":[56],"expresses":[57],"receptors.":[59],"The":[60,102],"process":[61],"regulated":[63],"diverse":[65],"molecular":[66,143],"signals,":[67],"including":[68],"inhibitors":[70],"affect":[72,82],"activation":[74],"complement,":[76],"well":[78],"signals":[80,88],"microglial":[83],"recruitment":[84],"activation.":[86],"These":[87],"may":[89,126],"promote":[90],"or":[91],"inhibit":[92],"removal":[94],"specific":[96,129],"sets":[97],"complement-microglia":[103],"has":[105],"been":[107],"implicated":[108],"pathogenesis":[111],"several":[113],"developmental":[114,168],"disorders,":[116],"suggesting":[117],"dysregulation":[120],"mechanisms":[122,146],"pruning":[125],"underlie":[127],"circuitry":[130],"defects":[131],"these":[133],"diseases.":[134],"Here,":[135],"we":[136],"review":[137],"latest":[139],"on":[141],"cellular":[145],"complement-dependent":[148],"microglia-dependent":[150],"elimination":[152],"development,":[155],"highlight":[157],"potential":[159],"this":[161],"therapeutic":[165],"target":[166],"for":[167],"disorders.":[170],"This":[171],"article":[172],"categorized":[174],"under:":[175],"Neurological":[176,183],"Diseases":[177,184,192],">":[178,185,193],"Molecular":[179,194],"Cellular":[181,196],"Physiology":[182],"Stem":[186],"Cells":[187],"Development":[189],"Immune":[190],"System":[191],"Physiology.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}