{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209013498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","title":"Non-fungible tokens (NFT) and intellectual property: The triumph of the proprietary approach?","display_name":"Non-fungible tokens (NFT) and intellectual property: The triumph of the proprietary approach?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209013498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","mag":"3209013498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","pdf_url":"https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/download/65/52","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238034","display_name":"Digital Law Journal","issn_l":"2686-9136","issn":["2686-9136"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/download/65/52","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051895536","display_name":"\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19880235","display_name":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","ror":"https://ror.org/010pmpe69","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. A. Dolganin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lomonosov Moscow State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051895536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.4511,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98973336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"46","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13475","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Law","score":0.4381999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13475","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Law","score":0.4381999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.30809998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14457","display_name":"Intellectual Property Rights and Media","score":0.18369999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-fungible-tokens","display_name":"non-fungible tokens","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-assets","display_name":"digital assets","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-law","display_name":"commercial law","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underlying-assets","display_name":"underlying assets","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitalization","display_name":"digitalization","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informational-capitalism","display_name":"information capitalism","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rights-in-rem","display_name":"real rights","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.7876487970352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.6183403134346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5425702929496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5310837626457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.49918460845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93613221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042535","display_name":"Intangible property","level":3,"score":0.44934970140457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514928085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206","display_name":"Capitalism","level":3,"score":0.4238992929458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40620875358581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39852553606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.35505545139312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2862524390220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2571302652359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2341715693473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18154317140579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15500175952911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11954894661903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","pdf_url":"https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/download/65/52","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238034","display_name":"Digital Law Journal","issn_l":"2686-9136","issn":["2686-9136"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a11ba1e01d964358bd238466ba1248f9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a11ba1e01d964358bd238466ba1248f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 46-54 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3210770883","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://istina.msu.ru/publications/article/406941450/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54","pdf_url":"https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/download/65/52","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238034","display_name":"Digital Law Journal","issn_l":"2686-9136","issn":["2686-9136"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209013498.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209013498.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W993782932","https://openalex.org/W1497013024","https://openalex.org/W1580624183","https://openalex.org/W1843158872","https://openalex.org/W2506214569","https://openalex.org/W6633734550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7008988198","https://openalex.org/W4385559685","https://openalex.org/W4393191139","https://openalex.org/W3155860327","https://openalex.org/W4390780909","https://openalex.org/W3202455461","https://openalex.org/W7030540939","https://openalex.org/W4411633396","https://openalex.org/W4230897972","https://openalex.org/W7020011984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technical":[0],"methods":[1],"of":[2,16,23,32,39,41,55,73,91,99,101,106,118,134,149,169,175,193,206,216,222,227,232],"intellectual":[3,64,135,176,199],"property":[4,65,136,204],"protection":[5],"are":[6,46],"reviewed":[7],"and":[8,57,112,141,165,212,234],"combined":[9],"in":[10,13,61,109,126,131,147,159,229],"the":[11,14,37,42,53,67,89,92,97,102,107,123,132,142,163,173,189,207,217,220,230],"essay":[12],"discourse":[15],"historical":[17],"development":[18],"\u2014":[19],"from":[20,36,88,96,188],"man-made":[21],"signatures":[22],"Renaissance":[24],"artists":[25],"to":[26,63,172,198],"non-fungible":[27],"tokens":[28],"(NFT).":[29],"The":[30,71,115],"proliferation":[31],"NFTs":[33,45,74],"is":[34,78,129],"analyzed":[35],"point":[38],"view":[40],"commercial":[43],"law:":[44],"discussed":[47],"as":[48,75,137],"objects":[49,77],"that":[50],"simultaneously":[51],"have":[52],"characteristics":[54],"independence":[56],"a":[58,110,154,166,181,223],"derivative":[59,116,124],"nature":[60,117],"relation":[62],"being":[66],"underlying":[68,93,139],"digital":[69],"asset.":[70],"self-sufficiency":[72],"legal":[76,170,186,214,225],"provided":[79],"by":[80,185],"their":[81],"commodity":[82],"properties,":[83],"which":[84],"arise":[85],"not":[86],"only":[87],"value":[90],"asset,":[94],"but":[95],"phenomenon":[98],"crystallization":[100],"unique":[103],"fixed":[104],"version":[105],"asset":[108,140],"non-interchangeable":[111],"irreproducible":[113],"token.":[114],"NFTs,":[119,208],"figuratively":[120],"correlated":[121],"with":[122],"contracts":[125],"financial":[127],"markets,":[128],"manifested":[130],"symbolization":[133],"an":[138,160],"loss":[143],"(in":[144],"full":[145],"or":[146],"part)":[148],"its":[150],"usual":[151],"significance":[152],"for":[153],"potential":[155],"acquirer":[156],"when":[157],"placed":[158],"NFT-image.":[161],"Despite":[162],"variety":[164],"specific":[167],"evolution":[168],"approaches":[171],"understanding":[174],"property,":[177,218],"we":[178],"can":[179],"state":[180],"long-standing":[182],"conceptual":[183],"rejection":[184],"scholars":[187],"simplest":[190],"proprietary":[191],"theories":[192],"transferring":[194],"real":[195],"rights":[196],"constructions":[197],"property.":[200],"However,":[201],"some":[202],"absolute":[203],"features":[205],"ensuring":[209],"both":[210],"internal":[211],"external":[213],"aspects":[215],"raise":[219],"question":[221],"new":[224],"life":[226],"\u201cproprietarism\u201d":[228],"conditions":[231],"digitalization":[233],"information":[235],"capitalism.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
