{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208927703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/petr.14158","title":"Three decades' analysis of pediatric liver transplantation outcomes reveals limited long\u2010term improvements","display_name":"Three decades' analysis of pediatric liver transplantation outcomes reveals limited long\u2010term improvements","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208927703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/petr.14158","mag":"3208927703","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34698432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/petr.14158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/petr.14158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/petr.14158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27713550","display_name":"Pediatric Transplantation","issn_l":"1397-3142","issn":["1397-3142","1399-3046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatric Transplantation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109649793","display_name":"Syed Shahyan Bakhtiyar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Bakhtiyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anjay Batra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5674-1452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5674-1452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anjay Batra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5674-1452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030689995","display_name":"Tahir Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-0527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-0527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-0527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008789711","display_name":"Ronald Timothy Cotton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-4570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-4570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Cotton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067293980","display_name":"Nhu Thao Nguyen Galv\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1289-4692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1289-4692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Thao Galvan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110555569","display_name":"Christine Ann O'Mahony","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine O\u2019Mahony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058244592","display_name":"John A. Goss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-1156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-1156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Goss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075527209","display_name":"Abbas A. Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-0598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-0598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-0598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4693,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63552638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"e14158","last_page":"e14158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10999","display_name":"Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10999","display_name":"Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11189","display_name":"Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12460","display_name":"Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-liver-transplantation","display_name":"pediatric liver transplantation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-survival","display_name":"long-term survival","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-year-survival","display_name":"one-year survival","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-death","display_name":"causes of death","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-transplant-infection","display_name":"post-transplant infection","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-transplant-malignancy","display_name":"post-transplant malignancy","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.8870000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9428403377532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779609443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368191","display_name":"Liver transplantation","level":3,"score":0.6988894939422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.6716179847717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780252810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455316","display_name":"Immunosuppression","level":2,"score":0.6401076316833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.5861976146697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.5687358379364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.5662977695465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4505423605442047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3587491810321808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3030932545661926}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015996","descriptor_name":"Survival Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016031","descriptor_name":"Liver Transplantation","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017063","descriptor_name":"Outcome Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058996","descriptor_name":"Quality Improvement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/petr.14158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/petr.14158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/petr.14158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27713550","display_name":"Pediatric Transplantation","issn_l":"1397-3142","issn":["1397-3142","1399-3046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatric Transplantation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34698432","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34698432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatric transplantation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49596168","https://openalex.org/W1873411269","https://openalex.org/W1973058887","https://openalex.org/W1996006836","https://openalex.org/W2001163947","https://openalex.org/W2003482488","https://openalex.org/W2025446247","https://openalex.org/W2025458886","https://openalex.org/W2026646977","https://openalex.org/W2037246938","https://openalex.org/W2042481424","https://openalex.org/W2062415781","https://openalex.org/W2078541727","https://openalex.org/W2103033622","https://openalex.org/W2103637700","https://openalex.org/W2118405108","https://openalex.org/W2120644746","https://openalex.org/W2234391961","https://openalex.org/W2284630235","https://openalex.org/W2468622292","https://openalex.org/W2614042806","https://openalex.org/W2781594452","https://openalex.org/W2973851184","https://openalex.org/W3011674824","https://openalex.org/W3108681091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2781594452","https://openalex.org/W4409601312","https://openalex.org/W2166073925","https://openalex.org/W2775208340","https://openalex.org/W2131335182","https://openalex.org/W2122496186","https://openalex.org/W4280507630","https://openalex.org/W2013268402","https://openalex.org/W1964013205","https://openalex.org/W1989631805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,63,99],"aim":[2],"of":[3,13,42,142,155,164,191,198,214,233,247,258],"this":[4,173],"study":[5,100,250],"was":[6,102],"to":[7,54,176,241],"assess":[8],"improvements":[9,222],"in":[10,22,38,47,56,127,166,178,193,201,211,223],"long-term":[11,64,128,224,256],"survival":[12,41,213,225],"pediatric":[14,43,83,215],"patients":[15,84,167],"after":[16,30,90,226],"liver":[17,93,229],"transplantation":[18,94],"by":[19],"analyzing":[20],"outcomes":[21,65,129],"transplant":[23,48,57],"recipients":[24,49,58],"who":[25,85],"survived":[26,86],"beyond":[27],"1":[28,88],"year":[29,89],"transplantation.":[31,230],"There":[32,122],"has":[33],"been":[34],"a":[35,69,73,228],"marked":[36],"increase":[37],"the":[39,111,134,199,208,243,252],"1-year":[40,131,217],"patients,":[44,216],"from":[45],"78%":[46],"between":[50,59,95,145,169,181],"1987":[51,96,170],"and":[52,61,97,117,148,171,183,238],"1990":[53],"95%":[55],"2011":[60,182],"2017.":[62,98],"have":[66,219],"not":[67,151],"seen":[68],"similar":[70],"trend,":[71],"creating":[72],"disparity":[74],"that":[75,159],"warrants":[76],"analysis.":[77],"METHODS:":[78],"We":[79],"analyzed":[80,109],"13":[81],"753":[82],"for":[87,114,140,254],"receiving":[91],"orthotopic":[92],"period":[101],"divided":[103],"into":[104],"six":[105],"eras.":[106],"Outcomes":[107],"were":[108,123,150],"using":[110],"Kaplan-Meier":[112],"method":[113],"time-to-event":[115],"analysis,":[116],"multivariable":[118],"Cox":[119],"regression.":[120],"RESULTS:":[121],"no":[124,220],"significant":[125,221],"gains":[126,210],"among":[130],"survivors":[132,218],"over":[133],"past":[135],"three":[136],"decades.":[137],"Log-rank":[138],"tests":[139],"equality":[141],"survivor":[143],"functions":[144],"each":[146],"era":[147],"1987-1990":[149,194],"statistically":[152],"significant.":[153],"Cause":[154],"death":[156],"analysis":[157],"revealed":[158],"although":[160],"infections":[161],"caused":[162,189,196],"20.6%":[163],"deaths":[165,192,200],"transplanted":[168,180],"1990,":[172],"number":[174],"dropped":[175],"5.6%":[177],"those":[179],"2017":[184],"(p":[185,203],"=":[186,204],".01).":[187],"Malignancy":[188],"10.6%":[190],"but":[195],"22.2%":[197],"2011-2017":[202],".04).":[205],"CONCLUSION:":[206],"Despite":[207],"gratifying":[209],"short-term":[212],"undergoing":[227],"Long-term":[231],"sequelae":[232],"immunosuppression,":[234],"such":[235],"as":[236],"malignancy":[237],"infection,":[239],"continue":[240],"be":[242],"most":[244],"common":[245],"causes":[246],"death.":[248],"This":[249],"highlights":[251],"necessity":[253],"better":[255],"management":[257],"immunosuppression.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
