{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208788005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3119018","title":"Scalable and Programmable Neural Network Inference Accelerator Based on In-Memory Computing","display_name":"Scalable and Programmable Neural Network Inference Accelerator Based on In-Memory Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208788005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3119018","mag":"3208788005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3119018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3119018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3119018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088075152","display_name":"Hongyang Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-1860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-1860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-1860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014213149","display_name":"Murat Ozatay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-2484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-2484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Ozatay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-2484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014075867","display_name":"Yinqi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-1833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-1833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinqi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-1833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079625063","display_name":"Hossein Valavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-9906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-9906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Valavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-9906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rakshit Pathak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-8630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-8630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakshit Pathak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-8630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746136","display_name":"Jinseok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-4865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-4865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinseok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-4865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645607","display_name":"Naveen Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-5030","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-5030"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveen Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3329,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95814487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"198","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-memory-computing","display_name":"in-memory computing","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-vector-multiplication","display_name":"matrix-vector multiplication","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resnet-50","display_name":"ResNet50","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/8-bit-quantization","display_name":"8-bit quantization","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/16-nm-cmos","display_name":"16nm CMOS","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7855721712112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6513310074806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5169579386711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.473770409822464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4556267261505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.43355587124824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.42583420872688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3208886384963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10256946086883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3119018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3119018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3119018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309292","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1632217358","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2046964635","https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2538451693","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2767935072","https://openalex.org/W2786771851","https://openalex.org/W2790556218","https://openalex.org/W2894696827","https://openalex.org/W2894946950","https://openalex.org/W2897997157","https://openalex.org/W2899641901","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2921898934","https://openalex.org/W2950656546","https://openalex.org/W2965129158","https://openalex.org/W2969812992","https://openalex.org/W2976137532","https://openalex.org/W2990591126","https://openalex.org/W2991232789","https://openalex.org/W2995329031","https://openalex.org/W2999044305","https://openalex.org/W3015655039","https://openalex.org/W3016082253","https://openalex.org/W3034957837","https://openalex.org/W3046305306","https://openalex.org/W3097655915","https://openalex.org/W3112860454","https://openalex.org/W3128966520","https://openalex.org/W4243315213","https://openalex.org/W4252370083","https://openalex.org/W6687566353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135835558","https://openalex.org/W6947966326","https://openalex.org/W4312951380","https://openalex.org/W3185238080","https://openalex.org/W4402480390","https://openalex.org/W2899641901","https://openalex.org/W3188913081","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W4404681007","https://openalex.org/W2920081941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,165],"work":[1],"demonstrates":[2],"a":[3,18,71],"programmable":[4,86,96],"in-memory-computing":[5],"(IMC)":[6],"inference":[7],"accelerator":[8,41],"for":[9,32,149,170],"scalable":[10,45,77,173],"execution":[11,103],"of":[12,50,56,79,125,137,145,158,205],"neural":[13],"network":[14,74],"(NN)":[15],"models,":[16],"leveraging":[17],"high-signal-to-noise":[19],"ratio":[20],"(SNR)":[21],"capacitor-based":[22],"analog":[23,160],"technology.":[24],"IMC":[25,84],"accelerates":[26],"computations":[27],"and":[28,53,63,76,95,108,113,140,172,175,181,189,196,202,207,210,215,222],"reduces":[29],"memory":[30],"accessing":[31],"matrix-vector":[33],"multiplies":[34],"(MVMs),":[35],"which":[36,81],"dominate":[37],"in":[38,128],"NNs.":[39],"The":[40,66,98,152],"architecture":[42,67],"focuses":[43],"on":[44,70],"execution,":[46],"addressing":[47],"the":[48,54,159,167],"overheads":[49],"state":[51],"swapping":[52],"challenges":[55],"maintaining":[57],"high":[58,156],"utilization":[59,112],"across":[60,115],"highly":[61],"dense":[62],"parallel":[64],"hardware.":[65],"is":[68,119],"based":[69],"configurable":[72,93],"on-chip":[73],"(OCN)":[75],"array":[78],"cores,":[80],"integrate":[82],"mixed-signal":[83],"with":[85,192,219],"near-memory":[87],"single-instruction":[88],"multiple-data":[89],"(SIMD)":[90],"digital":[91],"computing,":[92],"buffering,":[94],"control.":[97],"cores":[99,126],"enable":[100],"flexible":[101],"NN":[102],"mappings":[104],"that":[105],"exploit":[106],"data-":[107],"pipeline-parallelism":[109],"to":[110,186],"address":[111],"efficiency":[114,144,204],"models.":[116],"A":[117],"prototype":[118],"presented,":[120],"incorporating":[121],"a$4":[122],"\\times":[123],"4$array":[124],"demonstrated":[127],"16":[129],"nm":[130],"CMOS,":[131],"achieving":[132,199],"peak":[133,141],"multiply-accumulate":[134],"(MAC)-level":[135],"throughput":[136],"3":[138],"TOPS":[139],"MAC-level":[142],"energy":[143,203],"30":[146],"TOPS/W,":[147],"both":[148],"8-b":[150],"operations.":[151],"measured":[153],"results":[154],"shows":[155],"accuracy":[157],"computations,":[161],"matching":[162],"bit-true":[163],"simulations.":[164],"enables":[166],"abstractions":[168],"required":[169],"robust":[171],"architectural":[174],"software":[176,179],"integration.":[177],"Developed":[178],"libraries":[180],"NN-mapping":[182],"tools":[183],"are":[184],"used":[185],"demonstrate":[187],"CIFAR-10":[188],"ImageNet":[190],"classification,":[191],"an":[193],"11-layer":[194],"CNN":[195],"ResNet-50,":[197],"respectively,":[198],"accuracy,":[200],"throughput,":[201],"91.51%":[206],"73.33%,":[208],"7815":[209],"581":[211],"image/s,":[212],"51.5":[213],"k":[214,217],"3.0":[216],"image/s/W,":[218],"4-b":[220],"weights":[221],"activations.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
