{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208552586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.02","title":"Comparative Analysis of Spatial Disparities Based on Infrastructure Development and Socioeconomic Indices: A Case Study of Lahore","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of Spatial Disparities Based on Infrastructure Development and Socioeconomic Indices: A Case Study of Lahore","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208552586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.02","mag":"3208552586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32350/jaabe.42.02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.02","pdf_url":"https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/JAABE/article/download/1890/786","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224385","display_name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","issn_l":"2617-2690","issn":["2617-2690","2617-2704"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319280","host_organization_name":"University of Management and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319280"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Management and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/JAABE/article/download/1890/786","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Asim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-0290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-0290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Asim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-0290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071257331","display_name":"Saima Rafique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-6356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-6356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saima Rafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-6356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082839448","display_name":"Muhammad Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-4695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-4695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180203408","display_name":"Yokohama National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zyp6p76","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180203408"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-4695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180203408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2349,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60700291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11858","display_name":"Urban Development and Societal Issues","score":0.08579999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.03849999979138374,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-disparities","display_name":"regional disparities","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-development","display_name":"infrastructure development","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-indicators","display_name":"socioeconomic indicators","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-inequality","display_name":"urban inequality","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lahore","display_name":"Lahore","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-development","display_name":"urban development","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"resource allocation","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6965593099594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5029310584068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.44970911741256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3375508487224579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24438238143920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32350/jaabe.42.02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.02","pdf_url":"https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/JAABE/article/download/1890/786","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224385","display_name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","issn_l":"2617-2690","issn":["2617-2690","2617-2704"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319280","host_organization_name":"University of Management and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319280"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Management and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f317fab51bd049e88bd796d2bb5eecea","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f317fab51bd049e88bd796d2bb5eecea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment, Vol 4, Iss 2 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32350/jaabe.42.02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.42.02","pdf_url":"https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/JAABE/article/download/1890/786","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224385","display_name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","issn_l":"2617-2690","issn":["2617-2690","2617-2704"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319280","host_organization_name":"University of Management and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319280"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Management and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.8787999749183655,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208552586.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208552586.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523735555","https://openalex.org/W1565569199","https://openalex.org/W1973639936","https://openalex.org/W1975648197","https://openalex.org/W1983886224","https://openalex.org/W2011296028","https://openalex.org/W2061945714","https://openalex.org/W2102589266","https://openalex.org/W2123501413","https://openalex.org/W2136869092","https://openalex.org/W2147081279","https://openalex.org/W2151662769","https://openalex.org/W2578288607","https://openalex.org/W2606632761","https://openalex.org/W2787310141","https://openalex.org/W2892288855","https://openalex.org/W2944207684","https://openalex.org/W7143879682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2578288607","https://openalex.org/W2606632761","https://openalex.org/W2964481140","https://openalex.org/W7170084846","https://openalex.org/W4411328680","https://openalex.org/W7153114569","https://openalex.org/W4401670817","https://openalex.org/W4384405540","https://openalex.org/W2885289259","https://openalex.org/W4398140394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrastructure":[0],"development":[1,57,73,113,132,184],"and":[2,11,50,95,134,170],"socioeconomic":[3,32,56,76,117,135,171,188],"factors":[4,33,77,133],"are":[5],"directly":[6],"related":[7],"to":[8,53,65,105,161,192],"the":[9,19,31,35,45,55,67,75,82,89,107,115,124,144,168,179,193,198],"opulence":[10],"economic":[12],"growth":[13],"of":[14,21,34,47,58,69,84,88,109,126,147],"any":[15],"region.":[16],"Disparity":[17],"in":[18,38,44,71,81,111,140],"allocation":[20],"resources":[22],"within":[23,197],"a":[24,27,127,164],"city":[25,83],"has":[26,78,185],"huge":[28],"influence":[29],"on":[30,74,101,114],"population.":[36],"Cities":[37],"developing":[39],"countries":[40],"manifesta":[41],"vast":[42],"disparity":[43,70,110],"provision":[46],"infrastructural":[48,169,203],"facilities":[49],"it":[51],"leads":[52],"curbing":[54],"their":[59],"residents.":[60],"The":[61,175],"current":[62],"research":[63],"aims":[64],"study":[66],"impact":[68,108],"infrastructure":[72,112,131,183],"been":[79],"assessed":[80],"Lahore.":[85],"Two":[86],"towns":[87,142],"city,":[90],"that":[91,178],"is,":[92],"Johar":[93],"town":[94,97,180,196],"Shalamar":[96],"were":[98,138],"selected":[99],"based":[100],"two":[102],"different":[103],"criteria":[104],"examine":[106],"prevailing":[116],"conditions.":[118],"Primary":[119],"data":[120],"was":[121,151,159],"collected":[122],"with":[123,143,181],"help":[125],"questionnaire":[128],"encompassing":[129],"major":[130],"indicators.":[136],"Surveys":[137],"conducted":[139],"these":[141],"disproportionate":[145],"technique":[146],"stratified":[148],"sampling.":[149],"Data":[150],"analyzed":[152],"through":[153],"SPSS.":[154],"Statistical":[155],"Linear":[156],"Regression":[157],"Model":[158],"applied":[160],"determine":[162],"whether":[163],"relationship":[165],"exists":[166],"among":[167],"indicators":[172],"or":[173],"not.":[174],"results":[176],"showed":[177],"better":[182,187],"far":[186],"conditions":[189],"as":[190],"compared":[191],"less":[194],"developed":[195],"same":[199],"city.":[200],"Keywords:":[201],"inequality,":[202],"development,":[204],"socio-economic":[205],"indices,":[206],"spatial":[207],"disparities":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}