{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208535313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112555","title":"Combined Precursor Engineering and Grain Anchoring Leading to MA\u2010Free, Phase\u2010Pure, and Stable \u03b1\u2010Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells","display_name":"Combined Precursor Engineering and Grain Anchoring Leading to MA\u2010Free, Phase\u2010Pure, and Stable \u03b1\u2010Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208535313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112555","mag":"3208535313","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34716638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.202112555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112555","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/anie.202112555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67393510","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issn_l":"1433-7851","issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/anie.202112555","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017286742","display_name":"Xufeng Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-0422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-0422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xufeng Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China","Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","These authors contributed equally to this work"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-0422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"These authors contributed equally to this work","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041077281","display_name":"Hongwei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-5172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-5172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","These authors contributed equally to this work"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"These authors contributed equally to this work","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000294872","display_name":"Weidong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-8579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-8579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK","These authors contributed equally to this work"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"These authors contributed equally to this work","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055499508","display_name":"Cheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-951X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-951X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102995307","display_name":"Linfeng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-7333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-7333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linfeng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photomolecular Science Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photomolecular Science Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060362295","display_name":"Dan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3738-6421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3738-6421"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012331019","display_name":"Jianyu Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5131-1285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5131-1285","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-0086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianyu Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033794555","display_name":"Bryon W. Larson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-987X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-987X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryon W. Larson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012644375","display_name":"Carole K. Gr\u00e4tzel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carole Gr\u00e4tzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010346463","display_name":"Ahmad R. Kirmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-3762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-3762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad R. Kirmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055885857","display_name":"Olivier Ouellette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5708-5058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5708-5058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Ouellette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012678478","display_name":"Anurag Krishna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-7412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-7412"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photomolecular Science Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photomolecular Science Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100655022","display_name":"Jianguo Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1134-818X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1134-818X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060380205","display_name":"Chunyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-094X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-094X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035944985","display_name":"Youyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-2756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-2756","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-2073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029238494","display_name":"Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-4744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-4744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaik M. Zakeeruddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072068639","display_name":"Jing Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-5609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-5609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420951","display_name":"Yuhang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-3278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-3278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-3278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086035043","display_name":"James Robert Durrant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-7345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-7345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Durrant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK","SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027826961","display_name":"Joseph M. Luther","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-8244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-8244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph M. Luther","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076664160","display_name":"Wanli Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-3234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-3234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanli Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109160404","display_name":"Micha\u00ebl Gr\u00e4tzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-0857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-0857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gr\u00e4tzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012331019","https://openalex.org/A5076664160","https://openalex.org/A5100420951","https://openalex.org/A5109160404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.186,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9556864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"52","first_page":"27299","last_page":"27306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10247","display_name":"Perovskite Materials and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10247","display_name":"Perovskite Materials and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10275","display_name":"2D Materials and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perovskite-solar-cells","display_name":"perovskite solar cells","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylammonium-free-perovskites","display_name":"methylammonium-free perovskites","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-purity","display_name":"phase purity","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precursor-engineering","display_name":"precursor design","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perovskite-thin-films","display_name":"perovskite thin films","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775959666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423088","display_name":"Formamidinium","level":3,"score":0.9787785410881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44794658","display_name":"Iodide","level":2,"score":0.7877577543258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155011858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036449","display_name":"Perovskite (structure)","level":2,"score":0.7170981764793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6724795699119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59061564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783071","display_name":"Thermal stability","level":2,"score":0.6496524214744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203036418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284256","display_name":"Crystallization","level":2,"score":0.5858473181724548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5819380283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5496413111686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47908070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900515","display_name":"Grain boundary","level":3,"score":0.5261587500572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98390173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1492573","display_name":"Grain growth","level":3,"score":0.5089712142944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18483071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168432","display_name":"Anchoring","level":2,"score":0.4412664473056793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.4398173689842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2635836601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.24753454327583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.14403462409973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1413051187992096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.11871504783630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.202112555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112555","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/anie.202112555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67393510","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issn_l":"1433-7851","issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34716638","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34716638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1832055","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1832055","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1837995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:290556","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/290556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1837995","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1837995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/anie.202112555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112555","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/anie.202112555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67393510","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issn_l":"1433-7851","issn":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2693586199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20211598","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G281233168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BZ2020011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","funder_display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G399272915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC36-08-GO28308.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332360","funder_display_name":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5735808725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52073198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5894447944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22161142003,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6750280964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61911530158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332360","display_name":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02xznz413"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208535313.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208535313.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916611353","https://openalex.org/W2003478788","https://openalex.org/W2062571793","https://openalex.org/W2075511306","https://openalex.org/W2125469086","https://openalex.org/W2167843206","https://openalex.org/W2265452857","https://openalex.org/W2300811060","https://openalex.org/W2396261957","https://openalex.org/W2487941135","https://openalex.org/W2578272404","https://openalex.org/W2611852394","https://openalex.org/W2614175205","https://openalex.org/W2622706513","https://openalex.org/W2736762584","https://openalex.org/W2752922284","https://openalex.org/W2760883695","https://openalex.org/W2765853045","https://openalex.org/W2810418299","https://openalex.org/W2883518282","https://openalex.org/W2895126220","https://openalex.org/W2897392759","https://openalex.org/W2922408218","https://openalex.org/W2934047558","https://openalex.org/W2948992934","https://openalex.org/W2952213661","https://openalex.org/W2952988213","https://openalex.org/W2955122897","https://openalex.org/W2959596496","https://openalex.org/W2963579322","https://openalex.org/W2981436643","https://openalex.org/W2986852877","https://openalex.org/W2994622674","https://openalex.org/W2996534496","https://openalex.org/W3008736366","https://openalex.org/W3008980269","https://openalex.org/W3010753802","https://openalex.org/W3011785384","https://openalex.org/W3020883125","https://openalex.org/W3022885513","https://openalex.org/W3025922687","https://openalex.org/W3028313330","https://openalex.org/W3038218674","https://openalex.org/W3062746024","https://openalex.org/W3086313595","https://openalex.org/W3089650593","https://openalex.org/W3095406772","https://openalex.org/W3095896000","https://openalex.org/W3099486454","https://openalex.org/W3119531416","https://openalex.org/W3147596910","https://openalex.org/W4210260954","https://openalex.org/W6600344744","https://openalex.org/W6815407188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292633551","https://openalex.org/W4308470514","https://openalex.org/W4389857674","https://openalex.org/W4214664791","https://openalex.org/W4392345798","https://openalex.org/W3207532180","https://openalex.org/W4416313336","https://openalex.org/W4405757267","https://openalex.org/W4389668841","https://openalex.org/W3193666619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"\u03b1\u2010Formamidinium":[1],"lead":[2],"iodide":[3,106],"(\u03b1\u2010FAPbI3)":[4],"is":[5,48,107],"one":[6],"of":[7,37,58,76,88,95,147],"the":[8,41,44,81,86,96,110,136],"most":[9],"promising":[10],"candidate":[11],"materials":[12],"for":[13,130,156],"high\u2010efficiency":[14],"and":[15,28,43,61,69,102,143],"thermally":[16],"stable":[17,35,71],"perovskite":[18,132],"solar":[19,133],"cells":[20],"(PSCs)":[21],"owing":[22],"to":[23,64,121,127],"its":[24],"outstanding":[25],"optoelectrical":[26],"properties":[27],"high":[29],"thermal":[30,141],"stability.":[31],"However,":[32],"achieving":[33],"a":[34,55,122],"form":[36],"\u03b1\u2010FAPbI3":[38,72,111],"where":[39],"both":[40],"composition":[42],"phase":[45],"are":[46,99],"pure":[47],"very":[49],"challenging.":[50],"Herein,":[51],"we":[52],"report":[53],"on":[54],"combined":[56],"strategy":[57],"precursor":[59,82],"engineering":[60],"grain":[62,115],"anchoring":[63],"successfully":[65],"prepare":[66],"methylammonium":[67],"(MA)\u2010free":[68],"phase\u2010pure":[70],"films.":[73],"The":[74],"incorporation":[75],"volatile":[77],"FA\u2010based":[78],"additives":[79],"in":[80],"solutions":[83],"completely":[84],"suppresses":[85],"formation":[87],"non\u2010perovskite":[89],"\u03b4\u2010FAPbI3":[90],"during":[91],"film":[92,112],"crystallization.":[93],"Grains":[94],"desired":[97],"\u03b1\u2010phase":[98],"anchored":[100],"together":[101],"stabilized":[103,137],"when":[104],"4\u2010tert\u2010butylbenzylammonium":[105],"permeated":[108],"into":[109],"interior":[113],"via":[114],"boundaries.":[116],"This":[117],"cooperative":[118],"scheme":[119],"leads":[120],"significantly":[123],"increased":[124],"efficiency":[125,150],"close":[126],"21":[128],"%":[129,146],"FAPbI3":[131],"cells.":[134],"Moreover,":[135],"PSCs":[138],"exhibit":[139],"improved":[140],"stability":[142],"maintained":[144],"\u224890":[145],"their":[148],"initial":[149],"after":[151],"storage":[152],"at":[153],"50":[154],"\u00b0C":[155],"over":[157],"1600":[158],"hours.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
