{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208224980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.115064","title":"Out with the Old or Out with the New: The Uncertain Role of Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries in the Post-COVID-19 Context","display_name":"Out with the Old or Out with the New: The Uncertain Role of Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries in the Post-COVID-19 Context","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208224980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.115064","mag":"3208224980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/tel.2021.115064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.115064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.115064","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=112823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764708357","display_name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","issn_l":"2162-2078","issn":["2162-2078","2162-2086"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=112823","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060885365","display_name":"Rami Abdelkafi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270129","display_name":"Islamic Research and Training Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0048rc462","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270129"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami Abdelkafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic Development Bank Institute, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic Development Bank Institute, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064107226","display_name":"Salim Refas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-7119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-7119"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123758333","display_name":"\u0130stanbul Sabahattin Zaim \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/00xvwpq40","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123758333"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salim Refas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123758333"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0193,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81390204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"05","first_page":"1002","last_page":"1019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation","display_name":"job creation","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-dynamism","display_name":"entrepreneurial dynamism","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development-goals","display_name":"Sustainable Development Goals","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-motivation","display_name":"entrepreneurial motivation","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organization-of-islamic-cooperation","display_name":"Organization of Islamic Cooperation","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-performance","display_name":"macroeconomic performance","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-policy","display_name":"public policy","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.855770468711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.7647042870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6410399675369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5864830613136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775836275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502310","display_name":"Dynamism","level":2,"score":0.5219518542289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.5192453861236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4749341607093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.46140187978744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.4150088429450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.38767245411872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3875022232532501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.32861950993537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.26889100670814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24041512608528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.17138108611106873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12720811367034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.08945199847221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/tel.2021.115064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.115064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.115064","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=112823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764708357","display_name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","issn_l":"2162-2078","issn":["2162-2078","2162-2086"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/tel.2021.115064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.115064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2021.115064","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=112823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764708357","display_name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","issn_l":"2162-2078","issn":["2162-2078","2162-2086"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208224980.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208224980.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483078915","https://openalex.org/W1552718068","https://openalex.org/W1855004619","https://openalex.org/W2004194165","https://openalex.org/W2031567547","https://openalex.org/W2052692807","https://openalex.org/W2076788453","https://openalex.org/W2082736160","https://openalex.org/W2125826975","https://openalex.org/W2131308292","https://openalex.org/W2164633918","https://openalex.org/W2243256430","https://openalex.org/W2375753897","https://openalex.org/W2530321658","https://openalex.org/W2598102859","https://openalex.org/W2991375811","https://openalex.org/W3024364181","https://openalex.org/W3033218501","https://openalex.org/W3085468155","https://openalex.org/W3088328126","https://openalex.org/W3093688305","https://openalex.org/W3123659395","https://openalex.org/W4236301267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282914545","https://openalex.org/W4386690107","https://openalex.org/W4410300310","https://openalex.org/W4405857244","https://openalex.org/W4384917078","https://openalex.org/W3198662069","https://openalex.org/W4387334218","https://openalex.org/W4402899561","https://openalex.org/W3171992648","https://openalex.org/W4213122960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,105,139],"promotion":[1,272],"of":[2,19,69,87,96,100,122,137,141,149,165,170,205,209,212,231,234,264,273,283],"policies":[3,75,102,270],"and":[4,32,43,45,93,108,128,135,167,184,194,228,245,271],"initiatives":[5],"that":[6,261],"support":[7],"job":[8,152,155,182],"creation":[9,156],"through":[10],"entrepreneurship":[11,35,49,150,166,227,274],"in":[12,28,54,125,151,172,187,190],"developing":[13,80,127,174,188,249],"countries":[14,81,130,189,207,250],"is":[15,103,144,197],"at":[16,157],"the":[17,20,46,60,66,70,73,84,88,97,113,147,158,177,192,210,217,220,229,265,280],"heart":[18],"2030":[21],"sustainable":[22],"development":[23,233],"goals":[24],"(SDG)":[25],"agenda,":[26],"and,":[27],"particular,":[29],"SDG":[30],"8":[31],"9.":[33],"Yet,":[34],"remains":[36],"an":[37,119],"abstract":[38],"concept":[39],"difficult":[40],"to":[41,76,82,131,145,279],"define":[42],"comprehend,":[44],"literature":[47],"on":[48],"has":[50],"been":[51],"developed":[52,56,129],"mostly":[53],"a":[55,173,203,223,239,256],"country":[57,175],"context.":[58],"In":[59],"current":[61],"global":[62],"context,":[63,176],"dominated":[64],"by":[65,79,112],"dramatic":[67],"impact":[68],"COVID-19":[71],"pandemic,":[72],"relevant":[74],"be":[77,91,277],"adopted":[78],"face":[83],"socioeconomic":[85],"consequences":[86],"pandemic":[89,114],"must":[90],"identified":[92],"analyzed.":[94,198],"One":[95],"main":[98],"concerns":[99],"these":[101],"unemployment.":[104],"simultaneous":[106],"supply":[107],"demand":[109],"shocks":[110],"caused":[111],"have":[115],"raised":[116],"calls":[117],"for":[118,202,248],"unprecedented":[120],"level":[121,230],"public":[123],"intervention":[124],"both":[126,191],"prevent":[132],"massive":[133],"unemployment":[134],"chains":[136],"bankruptcies.":[138],"objective":[140],"this":[142],"paper":[143,221],"study":[146],"role":[148],"preservation":[153],"or":[154],"macroeconomic":[159,185],"level.":[160],"After":[161],"reviewing":[162],"different":[163,262,269],"taxonomies":[164],"discussing":[168],"motivations":[169],"entrepreneurs":[171],"fundamental":[178],"relationship":[179,225],"between":[180,226,242],"entrepreneurship,":[181],"creation,":[183],"performance":[186],"pre-":[193],"post-COVID-19":[195],"contexts":[196],"Using":[199],"panel":[200],"data":[201],"sample":[204],"24":[206],"members":[208],"Organization":[211],"Islamic":[213],"Cooperation":[214],"(OIC)":[215],"across":[216],"period":[218],"2009-2018,":[219],"demonstrates":[222],"U-shaped":[224],"economic":[232,243,266,281],"nations,":[235],"which":[236],"translates":[237],"into":[238],"negative":[240],"correlation":[241],"growth":[244],"entrepreneurial":[246],"dynamism":[247],"with":[251],"per":[252],"capita":[253],"income":[254],"below":[255],"certain":[257],"limit.":[258],"This":[259],"proves":[260],"phases":[263],"cycle":[267],"require":[268],"should":[275],"therefore":[276],"adjusted":[278],"conditions":[282],"each":[284],"country.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}