{"id":"https://openalex.org/W320812641","doi":null,"title":"How Much Does a Belief Cost?: Revisiting the Marketplace of Ideas","display_name":"How Much Does a Belief Cost?: Revisiting the Marketplace of Ideas","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W320812641","mag":"320812641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:320812641","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1691952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1691952","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021465803","display_name":"Gregory Brazeal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-7995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-7995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189957204","display_name":"University of South Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/0043h8f16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189957204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Brazeal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Dakota Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Dakota Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189957204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021465803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189957204"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.7020999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.7020999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.12489999830722809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.07729999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketplace-of-ideas","display_name":"marketplace of ideas","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-expression","display_name":"freedom of expression","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oliver-wendell-holmes","display_name":"Oliver Wendell Holmes","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"law and economics","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-failure","display_name":"market failure","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-law-and-economics","display_name":"behavioral law and economics","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-modeling","display_name":"economic modeling","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-elegance","display_name":"mathematical elegance","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-efficiency","display_name":"economic efficiency","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-signals","display_name":"price signals","score":0.3400000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.622673749923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.61947101354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.577579140663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5333511829376221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5213742852210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.487409383058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777137687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5730923","display_name":"Market mechanism","level":2,"score":0.48622336983680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.45920804142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.4554235339164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.41585880517959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.36740440130233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2578712999820709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23561468720436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.15102145075798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1368701159954071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.13337033987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"mag:320812641","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1691952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/BRAHMD","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/BRAHMD","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/BRAHMD","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/BRAHMD","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:320812641","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1691952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W752435051","https://openalex.org/W3059057768","https://openalex.org/W2807568112","https://openalex.org/W3124768937","https://openalex.org/W7100492021","https://openalex.org/W7214259649","https://openalex.org/W2164356162","https://openalex.org/W4327807376","https://openalex.org/W2056102810","https://openalex.org/W3002871957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Justice":[0],"Oliver":[1],"Wendell":[2],"Holmes,":[3],"Jr.":[4],"is":[5,107,167,182],"often":[6],"credited":[7],"with":[8,50,67],"creating":[9],"the":[10,22,42,55,73,103,114,131,140,151,178,192,195,207,216,222,256,260],"metaphor":[11,211],"of":[12,15,41,44,75,142,174,194,200,209,219,224,259,263],"\u201cthe":[13],"marketplace":[14,43,208],"ideas,\u201d":[16],"though":[17],"he":[18],"did":[19],"not":[20,32,119],"use":[21,135],"exact":[23],"phrase":[24],"and":[25,52,57,87,95,145,198],"his":[26],"argument":[27],"for":[28,102,123,253],"free":[29],"speech":[30],"was":[31],"based":[33],"on":[34,72],"distinctively":[35],"economic":[36,39,189,220,264],"reasoning.":[37],"Truly":[38],"investigations":[40,61],"ideas":[45,76,117,159,210],"have":[46,62],"progressed":[47],"in":[48,54,91,111,113,158,215,237],"step":[49],"developments":[51],"trends":[53],"law":[56,86],"economics":[58],"literature.":[59],"These":[60],"tended":[63],"to":[64,138,163,186,191,212,228],"be":[65,100,161,243],"one-sided,":[66],"writers":[68],"focusing":[69],"primarily":[70],"either":[71],"production":[74],"(for":[77,83],"example,":[78,84],"Posner)":[79],"or":[80],"their":[81],"consumption":[82,199],"behavioral":[85],"economics),":[88],"without":[89,245],"considering":[90],"depth":[92],"how":[93],"producers":[94],"consumers":[96],"interact.":[97],"This":[98,240],"may":[99],"because,":[101],"most":[104],"part,":[105],"there":[106,181],"no":[108,183],"literal":[109],"market":[110,132,157,166,175],"ideas,":[112],"sense":[115],"that":[116,153],"are":[118],"generally":[120],"goods":[121],"exchanged":[122],"value":[124],"at":[125],"a":[126,129,156,213],"price.":[127],"As":[128],"result,":[130],"mechanism":[133],"cannot":[134],"price":[136],"signals":[137],"coordinate":[139],"actions":[141],"self-interested":[143],"actors":[144],"create":[146],"efficiency":[147],"through":[148],"trade.":[149],"To":[150],"extent":[152],"something":[154],"like":[155],"can":[160,242],"said":[162],"exist,":[164],"this":[165],"characterized":[168],"by":[169,205],"numerous,":[170],"largely":[171],"unavoidable":[172],"sources":[173],"failure.":[176],"At":[177],"same":[179],"time,":[180],"conceptual":[184],"barrier":[185],"pursuing":[187],"an":[188,247],"approach":[190],"study":[193],"production,":[196],"dissemination,":[197],"ideas.":[201],"The":[202],"article":[203],"concludes":[204],"applying":[206],"puzzle":[214],"recent":[217],"history":[218],"thought:":[221],"tendency":[223],"sophisticated":[225,231],"mathematical":[226,254,261],"models":[227,236],"displace":[229],"less":[230],"but":[232],"more":[233],"predictively":[234],"useful":[235],"contemporary":[238],"economics.":[239],"phenomenon":[241],"explained\u2014even":[244],"positing":[246],"ad":[248],"hoc":[249],"preference":[250],"among":[251],"economists":[252],"elegance\u2014through":[255],"anti-competitive":[257],"benefits":[258],"mode":[262],"idea-production.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}