{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208045904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2110.15349","title":"Learning to Ground Multi-Agent Communication with Autoencoders","display_name":"Learning to Ground Multi-Agent Communication with Autoencoders","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208045904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2110.15349","mag":"3208045904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.15349","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.15349","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.15349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.15349","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017638401","display_name":"Toru Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Toru","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019418153","display_name":"Minyoung Huh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huh, Minyoung","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026253642","display_name":"Chris Stauffer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stauffer, Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113969216","display_name":"Ser-Nam Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-0288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-0288"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lim, Ser-Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017456911","display_name":"Phillip Isola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3505-3484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3505-3484","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isola, Phillip","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.4043000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.4043000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.3752000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.021199999377131462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-communication","display_name":"multi-agent communication","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"autoencoder","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation-learning","display_name":"representation learning","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lingua-franca","display_name":"lingua franca","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralized-coordination","display_name":"distributed coordination","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"multi-agent reinforcement learning","score":0.5370000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7463912963867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116097","display_name":"Common ground","level":2,"score":0.6497780680656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6070185899734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159789966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80839","display_name":"Lingua franca","level":2,"score":0.6000922322273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5533068180084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5483798980712891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5272741913795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4854755699634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46610957384109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46454596519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.22882327437400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1433359980583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1212506890296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11641794443130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08331194519996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.15349","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.15349","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.15349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3212740224","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.15349.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/140012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/140012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2110.15349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2110.15349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2110.15349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.15349","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.15349","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.15349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208045904.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208045904.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67621922","https://openalex.org/W1191599655","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1757796397","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W1976274322","https://openalex.org/W2027116779","https://openalex.org/W2053000838","https://openalex.org/W2057667118","https://openalex.org/W2107019937","https://openalex.org/W2107917162","https://openalex.org/W2142947219","https://openalex.org/W2144772486","https://openalex.org/W2150671164","https://openalex.org/W2156737235","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2242818861","https://openalex.org/W2255045308","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2395575420","https://openalex.org/W2402402867","https://openalex.org/W2575731723","https://openalex.org/W2617025920","https://openalex.org/W2623431351","https://openalex.org/W2786533521","https://openalex.org/W2787615430","https://openalex.org/W2795890674","https://openalex.org/W2891757722","https://openalex.org/W2914111651","https://openalex.org/W2914351253","https://openalex.org/W2922221969","https://openalex.org/W2962808690","https://openalex.org/W2962938168","https://openalex.org/W2963147362","https://openalex.org/W2963407617","https://openalex.org/W2963455109","https://openalex.org/W2963588154","https://openalex.org/W2963881016","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964260310","https://openalex.org/W2964338167","https://openalex.org/W2971094937","https://openalex.org/W2996037775","https://openalex.org/W3037207827","https://openalex.org/W3102233516","https://openalex.org/W3110959560","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3120798857","https://openalex.org/W3122959491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221153239","https://openalex.org/W142353896","https://openalex.org/W3199778389","https://openalex.org/W4415428034","https://openalex.org/W7099578658","https://openalex.org/W2072514121","https://openalex.org/W2963881016","https://openalex.org/W3215549520","https://openalex.org/W2990927597","https://openalex.org/W4383468823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Communication":[0],"requires":[1],"having":[2],"a":[3,6,16,52,71,84,110],"common":[4,86],"language,":[5],"lingua":[7,31],"franca,":[8],"between":[9],"agents.":[10],"This":[11],"language":[12,43,57],"could":[13],"emerge":[14],"via":[15],"consensus":[17],"process,":[18],"but":[19],"it":[20],"may":[21],"require":[22],"many":[23],"generations":[24],"of":[25,46,112],"trial":[26],"and":[27,66,97,103],"error.":[28],"Alternatively,":[29],"the":[30,37,47],"franca":[32],"can":[33],"be":[34],"given":[35],"by":[36],"environment,":[38],"where":[39],"agents":[40,89],"ground":[41,56],"their":[42],"in":[44,58],"representations":[45],"observed":[48],"world.":[49],"We":[50,68],"demonstrate":[51],"simple":[53],"way":[54],"to":[55,95,99],"learned":[59],"representations,":[60,92],"which":[61],"facilitates":[62],"decentralized":[63],"multi-agent":[64,113],"communication":[65,114],"coordination.":[67],"find":[69],"that":[70],"standard":[72],"representation":[73],"learning":[74],"algorithm":[75],"--":[76,78],"autoencoding":[77],"is":[79],"sufficient":[80],"for":[81],"arriving":[82],"at":[83],"grounded":[85],"language.":[87],"When":[88],"broadcast":[90],"these":[91],"they":[93],"learn":[94],"understand":[96],"respond":[98],"each":[100],"other's":[101],"utterances":[102],"achieve":[104],"surprisingly":[105],"strong":[106],"task":[107],"performance":[108],"across":[109],"variety":[111],"environments.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}