{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207595482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2544098","title":"Environmental Emission Analysis of Biodiesel with Al2O3 Nanometal Additives as Fuel in a Diesel Engine","display_name":"Environmental Emission Analysis of Biodiesel with Al2O3 Nanometal Additives as Fuel in a Diesel Engine","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207595482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2544098","mag":"3207595482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/2544098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2544098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2544098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2021/2544098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66990431","display_name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","issn_l":"1687-4110","issn":["1687-4110","1687-4129"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2021/2544098.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115593080","display_name":"Mohammad Ibrahim Al Mishlah Alghamdi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52207611","display_name":"Al Baha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0403jak37","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ibrahim Al Mishlah Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031823995","display_name":"\u0130lhami \u00c7olak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-5938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-5938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I282159120","display_name":"\u0130stanbul Ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/04tah3159","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I282159120"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilhami Colak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Electronics, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Electronics, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I282159120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055256248","display_name":"Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-6991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-6991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166455938","display_name":"University of Babylon","ror":"https://ror.org/0170edc15","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166455938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573189","display_name":"Al-Mustaqbal University","ror":"https://ror.org/023a3xe97","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573189"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq","Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babil, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573189"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babil, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166455938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079808769","display_name":"T. Bothichandar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-8185","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-8185"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114632","display_name":"Ambo University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e6z0y17","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114632"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Bothichandar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-8185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079808769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114632"],"apc_list":{"value":2375,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2375},"apc_paid":{"value":2375,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2375},"fwci":0.6027,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56495627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel","display_name":"biodiesel","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al2o3-nanoparticles","display_name":"Al2O3 nanoparticles","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-engine-emissions","display_name":"diesel engine emissions","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethanol","display_name":"bioethanol","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algae-oil","display_name":"algae oil","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-fuels","display_name":"alternative fuels","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.864958643913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.7459394931793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.6961286067962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.6618097424507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.6099360585212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5085457563400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159403789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342552","display_name":"Algae fuel","level":4,"score":0.5022013187408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.49181821942329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4829382300376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66910140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905957","display_name":"Biodiesel production","level":4,"score":0.4254581332206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.42308810353279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4129679799079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.40456098318099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1510593295097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.09253612160682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08751466870307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06611901521682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/2544098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2544098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2544098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2021/2544098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66990431","display_name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","issn_l":"1687-4110","issn":["1687-4110","1687-4129"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/2544098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2544098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2544098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2021/2544098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66990431","display_name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","issn_l":"1687-4110","issn":["1687-4110","1687-4129"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.5171999931335449,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207595482.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207595482.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999030512","https://openalex.org/W2761862322","https://openalex.org/W2766305279","https://openalex.org/W2767001439","https://openalex.org/W2775790133","https://openalex.org/W2782223626","https://openalex.org/W2783964475","https://openalex.org/W2790052750","https://openalex.org/W2791058567","https://openalex.org/W2795765257","https://openalex.org/W2800794541","https://openalex.org/W2801204177","https://openalex.org/W2811144254","https://openalex.org/W2913879272","https://openalex.org/W2916246143","https://openalex.org/W2939624201","https://openalex.org/W2940082558","https://openalex.org/W2953935963","https://openalex.org/W2981632913","https://openalex.org/W3011672106","https://openalex.org/W3012955407","https://openalex.org/W3015140333","https://openalex.org/W3019197907","https://openalex.org/W3046097115","https://openalex.org/W3047891776","https://openalex.org/W3094186385","https://openalex.org/W3097742611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2626569070","https://openalex.org/W3162513148","https://openalex.org/W2909307874","https://openalex.org/W4384205515","https://openalex.org/W4401083204","https://openalex.org/W3003882640","https://openalex.org/W2608075724","https://openalex.org/W4375816939","https://openalex.org/W3001001953","https://openalex.org/W3033429927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45],"exploitation":[1],"of":[2,39,47,67,104],"fossil":[3,49],"fuels":[4,91],"has":[5,70],"fueled":[6],"the":[7,12,54,65,72,75,89,102],"modern":[8],"world\u2019s":[9],"development":[10],"since":[11],"industrial":[13],"revolution.":[14],"Other":[15],"energy":[16],"sources,":[17],"such":[18,81],"as":[19,82],"wood,":[20],"charcoal,":[21],"and":[22,41,64,85,117,132],"animal":[23],"power,":[24],"were":[25,31,42],"displaced":[26],"by":[27],"these":[28,48],"fuels,":[29],"which":[30],"relatively":[32],"easy":[33],"to":[34,95],"obtain,":[35],"had":[36],"low":[37],"cost":[38],"production,":[40],"easily":[43],"transportable.":[44],"possibility":[46],"reserves":[50],"being":[51],"depleted":[52],"in":[53,61,130],"medium":[55],"term,":[56],"combined":[57],"with":[58],"an":[59],"increase":[60],"environmental":[62,68,97],"awareness":[63],"reality":[66],"degradation,":[69],"changed":[71],"situation,":[73],"reactivating":[74],"search":[76],"for":[77],"alternative":[78,90],"fuels.":[79],"Biofuels":[80],"bioethanol,":[83],"biomethanol,":[84],"biodiesel":[86,111],"are":[87],"among":[88],"gaining":[92],"popularity":[93],"due":[94],"their":[96],"benefits.":[98],"This":[99],"research":[100],"investigates":[101],"behaviour":[103],"a":[105],"diesel":[106],"engine":[107],"that":[108,126],"runs":[109],"on":[110],"(a":[112],"fuel":[113],"made":[114],"from":[115],"new":[116],"unrefined":[118],"algae":[119],"oil),":[120],"ethanol":[121],"(an":[122],"essential":[123],"raw":[124],"nanomaterial":[125],"is":[127],"readily":[128],"available":[129],"India),":[131],"nanometal":[133],"additives.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}