{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207545075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12843","title":"A novel equilibrium optimizer based on levy flight and iterative cosine operator for engineering optimization problems","display_name":"A novel equilibrium optimizer based on levy flight and iterative cosine operator for engineering optimization problems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207545075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12843","mag":"3207545075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/exsy.12843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72232612","display_name":"Expert Systems","issn_l":"0266-4720","issn":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077573687","display_name":"Sachin Minocha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-4733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-4733"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125381","display_name":"Galgotias University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ba206","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63568130","display_name":"Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01n15vy71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63568130"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Minocha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India","School of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, Noida, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-4733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63568130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075213229","display_name":"Birmohan Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-5537","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-5537"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63568130","display_name":"Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01n15vy71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63568130"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Birmohan Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-5537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63568130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075213229"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63568130"],"apc_list":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0147,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76526012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-optimizer","display_name":"equilibrium optimizer","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levy-flight","display_name":"L\u00e9vy flight","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic-optimization","display_name":"metaheuristic optimization","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploration-exploitation-trade-off","display_name":"exploration-exploitation balance","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-tailed-distributions","display_name":"heavy-tailed distributions","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"parameter sensitivity analysis","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-optimization","display_name":"engineering design optimization","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cec-benchmark-functions","display_name":"CEC benchmark functions","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-diversity","display_name":"population diversity","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7663262486457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5800704956054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5780550837516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5609092712402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5502837896347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5168455243110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4909510910511017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178009071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93344","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","level":2,"score":0.45863616466522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15259793400764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/exsy.12843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72232612","display_name":"Expert Systems","issn_l":"0266-4720","issn":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W341879454","https://openalex.org/W883434633","https://openalex.org/W1541288193","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1968075052","https://openalex.org/W1973412675","https://openalex.org/W1974895230","https://openalex.org/W1976744965","https://openalex.org/W2001422417","https://openalex.org/W2001979953","https://openalex.org/W2003890325","https://openalex.org/W2007351764","https://openalex.org/W2026305126","https://openalex.org/W2034988449","https://openalex.org/W2037960630","https://openalex.org/W2039577332","https://openalex.org/W2041282815","https://openalex.org/W2042253843","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2096524645","https://openalex.org/W2102343719","https://openalex.org/W2104311994","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2222124350","https://openalex.org/W2232317135","https://openalex.org/W2288375906","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2517600007","https://openalex.org/W2519095888","https://openalex.org/W2542691202","https://openalex.org/W2671023819","https://openalex.org/W2792378075","https://openalex.org/W2795067427","https://openalex.org/W2844126575","https://openalex.org/W2890746393","https://openalex.org/W2899250423","https://openalex.org/W2903572049","https://openalex.org/W2903787488","https://openalex.org/W2919979744","https://openalex.org/W2921424173","https://openalex.org/W2951728986","https://openalex.org/W2962182762","https://openalex.org/W2963046246","https://openalex.org/W2966875474","https://openalex.org/W2985845430","https://openalex.org/W2991414661","https://openalex.org/W2992826765","https://openalex.org/W2992907810","https://openalex.org/W3014974411","https://openalex.org/W3025841075","https://openalex.org/W3036361249","https://openalex.org/W3038102268","https://openalex.org/W3039208239","https://openalex.org/W3041091670","https://openalex.org/W3043211958","https://openalex.org/W3044434476","https://openalex.org/W3044618739","https://openalex.org/W3047346450","https://openalex.org/W3087652231","https://openalex.org/W3101294809","https://openalex.org/W3134651880","https://openalex.org/W3134987034","https://openalex.org/W3154719286","https://openalex.org/W4241727697","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W4295202959","https://openalex.org/W6884298402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405720517","https://openalex.org/W2985845430","https://openalex.org/W3118607127","https://openalex.org/W6965787813","https://openalex.org/W4306897026","https://openalex.org/W4389783834","https://openalex.org/W3036434811","https://openalex.org/W4390578309","https://openalex.org/W4386714901","https://openalex.org/W4220884221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Equilibrium":[1],"optimizer":[2,61],"(EO)":[3],"is":[4,118,221],"a":[5,58],"novel":[6],"optimization":[7,46],"algorithm":[8],"with":[9,76,112,157,216],"high":[10],"exploration":[11,105,127,202],"and":[12,27,107,167,188,203],"exploitation":[13,204],"capabilities.":[14],"The":[15,39,147,184],"capabilities":[16,148],"of":[17,41,72,94,101,115,129,149],"EO":[18,43,162],"are":[19,140],"impacted":[20],"by":[21,51,63,120,142,154,211],"the":[22,31,36,42,68,73,89,99,109,130,133,144,161,195,212,217],"generation":[23],"rate,":[24],"exponential":[25],"term,":[26],"equilibrium":[28,60,74],"pool,":[29],"wherein":[30],"initial":[32],"two":[33],"depend":[34],"on":[35,44,136,171,224],"turnover":[37,116],"rate.":[38],"performance":[40],"different":[45],"functions":[47],"can":[48],"be":[49],"improved":[50],"updating":[52],"these":[53],"factors.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"designs":[57],"modified":[59],"(MEO)":[62],"incorporating":[64],"three":[65],"changes":[66],"in":[67],"EO:":[69],"(i)":[70],"replacement":[71],"pool":[75],"an":[77],"iterative":[78],"cosine":[79],"operator":[80],"(ICO)":[81],"that":[82,103,174,192],"gradually":[83],"reduces":[84],"diversification":[85],"to":[86,97,125,199,229],"intensification":[87],"as":[88],"iterations":[90],"progress;":[91],"(ii)":[92],"implementation":[93],"levy":[95,123],"flight":[96],"update":[98],"concentration":[100],"particle":[102],"improves":[104],"capabilities;":[106],"(iii)":[108],"random":[110],"vector":[111],"uniform":[113],"distribution":[114,124],"rate":[117],"replaced":[119],"heavy\u2010tailed":[121],"non\u2010uniform":[122],"improve":[126],"capability":[128],"algorithm.":[131],"Here,":[132],"other":[134,196],"parameters":[135],"which":[137],"MEO":[138,150,193,206,220],"depends":[139],"selected":[141],"performing":[143],"sensitivity":[145],"analysis.":[146],"have":[151],"been":[152,209],"analysed":[153],"comparing":[155],"it":[156],"19":[158],"algorithms,":[159,166],"including":[160],"algorithm,":[163],"12":[164],"state\u2010of\u2010art":[165],"6":[168],"hybrid/improved":[169],"algorithms":[170,197],"62":[172],"functions,":[173,178],"is,":[175],"23":[176],"benchmark":[177],"10":[179],"CEC\u201006\u20102019,":[180],"29":[181],"CEC\u20102017":[182],"functions.":[183],"non\u2010parametric":[185],"Friedman":[186],"test":[187,190],"Kruskal\u2013Wallis":[189],"validate":[191],"outperforms":[194],"due":[198],"its":[200,231],"balanced":[201],"abilities.":[205],"robustness":[207],"has":[208],"validated":[210],"diversity":[213],"analysis":[214],"along":[215],"scalability":[218],"test.":[219],"also":[222],"evaluated":[223],"five":[225],"practical":[226],"engineering":[227],"problems":[228],"showcase":[230],"significance.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}