{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32072715","doi":null,"title":"Bullying as a Disability in Public Elementary and Secondary Education","display_name":"Bullying as a Disability in Public Elementary and Secondary Education","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32072715","mag":"32072715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:32072715","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2035568_code630560.pdf?abstractid=2035568&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2035568_code630560.pdf?abstractid=2035568&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026104191","display_name":"Douglas E. Abrams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas E. Abrams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri - School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri - School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026104191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.8554999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.8554999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.14229999482631683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11647","display_name":"Workplace Violence and Bullying","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-bullying","display_name":"school bullying","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberbullying","display_name":"cyberbullying","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-bullying-legislation","display_name":"anti-bullying legislation","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act","display_name":"Individuals with Disabilities Education Act","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-discipline","display_name":"student discipline","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/students-with-disabilities","display_name":"students with disabilities","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-disadvantage","display_name":"educational disadvantage","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.6557595729827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5099035501480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.5037123560905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4959758222103119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4590029716491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.4123265743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3919467628002167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.32080262899398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27518945932388306}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:32072715","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2035568_code630560.pdf?abstractid=2035568&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:32072715","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2035568_code630560.pdf?abstractid=2035568&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020204145","https://openalex.org/W2113698123","https://openalex.org/W2127613546","https://openalex.org/W2146264128","https://openalex.org/W2335312575","https://openalex.org/W2606853863","https://openalex.org/W2611341068","https://openalex.org/W2763866789","https://openalex.org/W2789289325","https://openalex.org/W2899764361","https://openalex.org/W2926726860","https://openalex.org/W2969766757","https://openalex.org/W2974260792","https://openalex.org/W3000647500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2398437149","https://openalex.org/W7159913665","https://openalex.org/W36892985","https://openalex.org/W2901090712","https://openalex.org/W1517877416","https://openalex.org/W76026484","https://openalex.org/W7009092069","https://openalex.org/W2793165582","https://openalex.org/W4283802977","https://openalex.org/W2520733209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forty-six":[0],"states":[1],"have":[2,52],"enacted":[3],"anti-bullying":[4,28,281],"statutes,":[5],"36":[6],"of":[7,137,176,201,226,233,257,280,288],"which":[8],"explicitly":[9],"reach":[10],"cyberbullying.":[11],"The":[12],"statutes":[13],"typically":[14],"amend":[15],"the":[16,49,68,89,135,141,151,164,177,191,194,199,219,222,231,247,250,255,276,284],"state":[17,50,91],"education":[18],"act":[19],"to":[20,25,87,120,159,168,174,188,193,244,249],"require":[21],"public":[22,157,166,186,242],"school":[23,58,160,259],"districts":[24],"adopt":[26],"written":[27],"policies,":[29],"teach":[30],"prevention":[31],"curricula,":[32],"discipline":[33],"bullies,":[34],"and":[35,71,85,97,129,218,275],"cooperate":[36],"with":[37,67,105,144,170],"law":[38],"enforcement":[39],"when":[40],"bullying":[41,59,99,118,128,161],"turns":[42],"criminal.":[43],"By":[44],"acting":[45],"in":[46,150,179,224,230,286,292],"such":[47],"unison,":[48],"legislatures":[51],"articulated":[53],"a":[54,106],"national":[55],"consensus":[56],"that":[57,102,108,140,172,197,253],"inhibits":[60,109],"learning":[61],"by":[62,72],"substantially":[63],"disrupting":[64],"or":[65,76],"interfering":[66],"educational":[69,122,138],"mission,":[70],"compromising":[73],"victims\u2019":[74],"physical":[75],"emotional":[77],"security.":[78],"School":[79],"authorities":[80],"may":[81],"feel":[82],"greater":[83],"incentive":[84],"capacity":[86],"enforce":[88],"emerging":[90],"legislation":[92,282],"if":[93],"they":[94],"view":[95],"actual":[96],"virtual":[98],"as":[100],"acts":[101],"saddle":[103],"victims":[104,134,162],"disability":[107,123],"learning.":[110],"This":[111],"article":[112],"discusses":[113],"two":[114],"reasons":[115],"why":[116],"likening":[117],"victimization":[119],"an":[121],"makes":[124],"sense.":[125],"First,":[126],"face-to-face":[127],"cyberbullying":[130],"impose":[131],"on":[132],"student":[133],"sort":[136],"deprivation":[139],"federal":[142],"Individuals":[143],"Disabilities":[145],"Education":[146],"Act":[147],"(IDEA)":[148],"addresses":[149],"disabilities":[152,171],"arena.":[153],"Second,":[154],"today\u2019s":[155],"belated":[156,165],"sensitivity":[158,167],"resembles":[163],"students":[169],"led":[173],"passage":[175],"IDEA":[178,220],"1975.":[180],"It":[181],"is":[182,238],"no":[183,239],"longer":[184,240],"acceptable":[185,241],"policy":[187,243],"turn":[189,245],"back":[190,246],"clock":[192,248],"pre-IDEA":[195],"approach":[196,252],"overlooked":[198,254],"needs":[200,213,256,270],"disabled":[202,228],"schoolchildren":[203],"for":[204,261],"decades.":[205,262],"We":[206,263],"understand":[207,264],"more":[208,265],"now":[209,266],"about":[210,267],"these":[211,268],"children\u2019s":[212,269],"than":[214,271],"we":[215,272],"understood":[216,273],"then,":[217,274],"tips":[221,283],"scales":[223,285],"favor":[225,287],"maintaining":[227],"children":[229,260,291],"mainstream":[232],"American":[234],"society.":[235],"Similarly,":[236],"it":[237],"pre-1990s":[251],"bullied":[258,290],"states\u2019":[277],"near-universal":[278],"embrace":[279],"protecting":[289],"school.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
