{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207216113","doi":null,"title":"Complexation of Glycoalkaloid \u03b1- Tomatine with Sterols and Its Potential Application as an Anti-Cancer Drug","display_name":"Complexation of Glycoalkaloid \u03b1- Tomatine with Sterols and Its Potential Application as an Anti-Cancer Drug","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207216113","mag":"3207216113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:irl.umsl.edu:dissertation-2136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/1086","pdf_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2136&context=dissertation","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196466","display_name":"IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","host_organization_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2136&context=dissertation","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014729271","display_name":"Bishal Nepal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-3339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-3339"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bishal Nepal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-3339","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014729271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10407","display_name":"Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10407","display_name":"Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12215","display_name":"Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11385","display_name":"Natural product bioactivities and synthesis","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycoalkaloids","display_name":"glycoalkaloids","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholesterol","display_name":"cholesterol","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coprostanol","display_name":"coprostanol","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epicholesterol","display_name":"epicholesterol","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/langmuir-blodgett-monolayers","display_name":"Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supported-lipid-bilayers","display_name":"supported lipid bilayers","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-damage","display_name":"membrane damage","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-drug-delivery","display_name":"anticancer drug delivery","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesoporous-silica-nanoparticles","display_name":"mesoporous silica nanoparticles","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pegylation","display_name":"PEGylation","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polydopamine-coating","display_name":"polydopamine coating","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemolysis","display_name":"hemolysis","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytosis","display_name":"phagocytosis","score":0.9010000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779589313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898388","display_name":"Glycoalkaloid","level":4,"score":0.8753306865692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5931435227394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4663163125514984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4589037299156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.35265952348709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.32855090498924255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.25722408294677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25717800855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778761015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134172","display_name":"Solanaceae","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:irl.umsl.edu:dissertation-2136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/1086","pdf_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2136&context=dissertation","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196466","display_name":"IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","host_organization_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3207216113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2136&context=dissertation","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:irl.umsl.edu:dissertation-2136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/1086","pdf_url":"https://irl.umsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2136&context=dissertation","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196466","display_name":"IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","host_organization_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207216113.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207216113.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88152364","https://openalex.org/W1492420763","https://openalex.org/W1558022610","https://openalex.org/W1569994690","https://openalex.org/W1843302206","https://openalex.org/W1966721756","https://openalex.org/W1974339152","https://openalex.org/W1975145454","https://openalex.org/W1980471937","https://openalex.org/W1980867086","https://openalex.org/W1983631682","https://openalex.org/W1983964788","https://openalex.org/W1984625815","https://openalex.org/W1985642381","https://openalex.org/W1985921318","https://openalex.org/W1986289285","https://openalex.org/W1988745485","https://openalex.org/W1992040128","https://openalex.org/W1992206927","https://openalex.org/W1994700653","https://openalex.org/W1995340578","https://openalex.org/W1995653318","https://openalex.org/W1996088621","https://openalex.org/W1997809505","https://openalex.org/W1999359847","https://openalex.org/W1999769620","https://openalex.org/W2005897347","https://openalex.org/W2008171455","https://openalex.org/W2010227280","https://openalex.org/W2012388515","https://openalex.org/W2012648892","https://openalex.org/W2019560759","https://openalex.org/W2022315563","https://openalex.org/W2024562547","https://openalex.org/W2026577172","https://openalex.org/W2026844539","https://openalex.org/W2029475776","https://openalex.org/W2034791599","https://openalex.org/W2039796373","https://openalex.org/W2042602209","https://openalex.org/W2043079029","https://openalex.org/W2043293391","https://openalex.org/W2045007955","https://openalex.org/W2045664839","https://openalex.org/W2045677688","https://openalex.org/W2045692410","https://openalex.org/W2046339263","https://openalex.org/W2050024106","https://openalex.org/W2050687766","https://openalex.org/W2053349067","https://openalex.org/W2056328346","https://openalex.org/W2056638877","https://openalex.org/W2056978535","https://openalex.org/W2059898245","https://openalex.org/W2063145592","https://openalex.org/W2065790254","https://openalex.org/W2070517548","https://openalex.org/W2071777008","https://openalex.org/W2074536442","https://openalex.org/W2075205526","https://openalex.org/W2076119377","https://openalex.org/W2076643779","https://openalex.org/W2085086531","https://openalex.org/W2085381747","https://openalex.org/W2087644906","https://openalex.org/W2095529451","https://openalex.org/W2097394206","https://openalex.org/W2097603366","https://openalex.org/W2098203257","https://openalex.org/W2098684366","https://openalex.org/W2115819878","https://openalex.org/W2130002810","https://openalex.org/W2130648675","https://openalex.org/W2132567971","https://openalex.org/W2133529666","https://openalex.org/W2136510151","https://openalex.org/W2136558879","https://openalex.org/W2140955159","https://openalex.org/W2149970658","https://openalex.org/W2150903279","https://openalex.org/W2161976254","https://openalex.org/W2162504167","https://openalex.org/W2171314935","https://openalex.org/W2192049920","https://openalex.org/W2215280009","https://openalex.org/W2306646692","https://openalex.org/W2312229186","https://openalex.org/W2321781441","https://openalex.org/W2337101437","https://openalex.org/W2345198528","https://openalex.org/W2558963211","https://openalex.org/W2599649240","https://openalex.org/W2612718027","https://openalex.org/W2613055549","https://openalex.org/W2613089336","https://openalex.org/W2737651186","https://openalex.org/W2739254607","https://openalex.org/W2739463248","https://openalex.org/W2756685106","https://openalex.org/W2790705492","https://openalex.org/W2805301140","https://openalex.org/W2889233911","https://openalex.org/W2890167612","https://openalex.org/W2899008620","https://openalex.org/W2901691612","https://openalex.org/W2944037923","https://openalex.org/W2944958773","https://openalex.org/W2964879209","https://openalex.org/W2966223446","https://openalex.org/W3016690131","https://openalex.org/W3025797154","https://openalex.org/W3034760028","https://openalex.org/W3119236228","https://openalex.org/W3159975335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964879209","https://openalex.org/W1995653318","https://openalex.org/W2050687766","https://openalex.org/W2025516003","https://openalex.org/W2076119377","https://openalex.org/W2026844539","https://openalex.org/W7015572653","https://openalex.org/W2045126465","https://openalex.org/W2949279194","https://openalex.org/W63627995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glycoalkaloids":[0],"(GAs)":[1],"are":[2,16,214],"secondary":[3],"metabolites":[4],"found":[5],"mostly":[6],"in":[7,82,115,146,181,216,327,358,401],"higher":[8],"plant":[9],"species":[10],"and":[11,41,64,80,102,123,140,153,179,254,284,297,313,454,514],"some":[12,48],"marine":[13],"invertebrates.":[14],"They":[15],"known":[17],"to":[18,47,58,241,249,274,286,389,444,473,484,490,509],"form":[19],"complexes":[20,37],"with":[21,121,126,151,280,294],"3\u03b2-hydroxy":[22],"sterols":[23,42],"such":[24,451],"as":[25,452],"cholesterol":[26,122,152,180],"causing":[27],"membrane":[28,168],"disruption.":[29],"So":[30],"far":[31],"the":[32,36,135,163,188,199,203,217,228,281,307,322,335,359,367,381,384,405,446,461,468,474,480,492,495,501],"visual":[33],"evidence":[34],"showcasing":[35],"formed":[38],"between":[39],"glycoalkaloids":[40],"has":[43],"been":[44],"mainly":[45],"restricted":[46],"earlier":[49],"studies":[50],"using":[51,172,527],"Brewster":[52],"angle":[53],"microscopy.":[54],"This":[55],"study":[56],"aimed":[57],"develop":[59],"a":[60,116,173,182,261,276,343,355,409,418,426],"method":[61,96],"for":[62,134,460],"topographic":[63],"morphological":[65],"analysis":[66,340],"of":[67,73,76,105,119,130,138,149,165,177,187,195,208,231,235,260,264,269,306,319,324,337,345,362,366,383,396,421,436,449,463,482,494,503,512,519],"sterol-glycoalkaloid":[68,106],"complexes.":[69],"Langmuir-Blodgett":[70],"(LB)":[71],"transfer":[72],"monolayers":[74,125,137],"comprising":[75],"glycoalkaloid":[77],"tomatine,":[78],"sterols,":[79],"lipids":[81],"varying":[83],"molar":[84,184],"ratios":[85],"onto":[86],"mica":[87],"followed":[88],"by":[89],"AFM":[90,95,424,441,457,483,506],"examination":[91],"was":[92,113,132,170,190,310,332,369,387,458,471,488,507,524],"performed.":[93],"The":[94,206,233,303,348,364,392,517],"used":[97,443,459],"required":[98],"minimal":[99],"sample":[100],"preparation":[101],"allowed":[103],"visualization":[104],"aggregation":[107,112],"at":[108],"nanometer":[109],"resolution.":[110],"While":[111],"observed":[114,133,145,191,469,476],"mixed":[117,124,136],"monolayer":[118],"tomatine":[120,150,196],"coprostanol,":[127],"no":[128,317],"sign":[129,318],"complexation":[131,166],"epicholesterol":[139],"tomatine.":[141,391],"Similar":[142],"aggregates":[143],"were":[144,301],"ternary":[147],"mixtures":[148],"phospholipids":[154],"1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine":[155],"(DMPC)":[156],"or":[157],"egg":[158],"sphingomyelin":[159],"(egg":[160],"SM).":[161],"Further,":[162,321,479,505],"effect":[164,518],"on":[167,500,521],"integrity":[169],"studied":[171],"supported":[174,204],"bilayer":[175,189],"composed":[176],"DMPC":[178],"7:3":[183],"ratio.":[185],"Disruption":[186],"within":[192],"five":[193],"minutes":[194],"introduction":[197],"into":[198],"aqueous":[200],"medium":[201],"above":[202],"bilayer.":[205],"effectiveness":[207,365,382],"GAs":[209],"against":[210,371],"various":[211],"cancer":[212,374],"cells":[213,393,523],"reported":[215],"literature.":[218],"One":[219],"major":[220],"problem":[221,244],"that":[222,429],"prevents":[223],"their":[224,250],"practical":[225],"application":[226,432],"is":[227,245,425,442],"hemolytic":[229,304,360],"nature":[230],"GAs.":[232],"possibility":[234],"employing":[236],"mesoporous":[237],"silica":[238],"nanoparticles":[239,308],"(MSNs)":[240],"circumvent":[242],"this":[243],"explored.":[246],"MSNs":[247,270,291,315,325],"due":[248],"high":[251],"pore":[252,256],"volume":[253,263],"tunable":[255],"size":[257],"enable":[258],"loading":[259,344],"large":[262],"molecules.":[265],"Further":[266],"surface":[267,447,455,502],"modification":[268],"provides":[271],"an":[272],"opportunity":[273],"design":[275],"carrier":[277],"system":[278,352],"compatible":[279],"host":[282],"body":[283],"specific":[285],"target":[287],"cells.":[288,376,516],"Amino":[289],"functionalized":[290],"(MSN-NH2)":[292],"coated":[293],"polydopamine":[295],"(PD)":[296],"polyethylene":[298],"glycol":[299],"(PEG)":[300],"synthesized.":[302],"activity":[305,361],"(NPs)":[309],"tested.":[311],"PD":[312],"PEG-coated":[314],"showed":[316,354,394],"hemolysis.":[320],"PEGylation":[323],"resulted":[326],"reduced":[328],"phagocytosis.":[329],"GA":[330],"\u03b1-tomatine":[331],"loaded":[333],"inside":[334],"pores":[336],"MSN-NH2.":[338],"Thermogravimetry":[339],"(TGA)":[341],"indicated":[342],"4.7":[346],"%.":[347],"developed":[349,385],"drug":[350,497],"delivery":[351],"(DDS)":[353],"significant":[356],"decrease":[357],"\u03b1-tomatine.":[363],"DDS":[368,386],"tested":[370],"human":[372],"liver":[373],"(HepG2)":[375],"Cell":[377],"viability":[378,403],"assay":[379],"suggested":[380,413],"comparable":[388,472],"free":[390],"signs":[395],"late":[397],"apoptosis.":[398],"An":[399],"increase":[400],"cell":[402,422],"upon":[404],"use":[406],"of,":[407],"QVD-OPh,":[408],"poly":[410],"caspase":[411],"inhibitor":[412],"caspase-mediated":[414],"apoptosis":[415],"might":[416],"be":[417],"plausible":[419],"cause":[420],"death.":[423],"useful":[427],"tool":[428],"finds":[430],"its":[431],"across":[433],"different":[434],"branches":[435],"science.":[437],"In":[438],"material":[439],"sciences,":[440],"characterize":[445],"properties":[448],"materials":[450],"roughness,":[453],"coverage.":[456],"characterization":[462],"nano":[464],"porous":[465],"gold":[466],"(NPG)":[467],"structure":[470,475],"under":[477],"SEM.":[478],"ability":[481],"record":[485],"three-dimensional":[486],"data":[487],"utilized":[489,508],"confirm":[491],"presence":[493],"anti-cancer":[496],"doxorubicin":[498],"(DOX)":[499],"NPG.":[504],"capture":[510],"images":[511],"RBCs":[513],"HepG2":[515,522],"\u03b1-Tomatine":[520],"also":[525],"visualized":[526],"AFM.":[528]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-01T08:31:24.195828","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
