{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207209544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","title":"SPATIAL CONCENTRATION AND FIRM-LEVEL PRODUCTIVITY IN KAZAKHSTAN","display_name":"SPATIAL CONCENTRATION AND FIRM-LEVEL PRODUCTIVITY IN KAZAKHSTAN","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207209544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","mag":"3207209544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","pdf_url":"https://caer.narxoz.kz/jour/article/download/796/431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651919","display_name":"Central Asian Economic Review","issn_l":"2789-4398","issn":["2789-4398","2789-4401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Central Asian Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://caer.narxoz.kz/jour/article/download/796/431","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027999994","display_name":"Zarina Adilkhanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7206-6290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7206-6290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Z. M. Adilkhanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["NAC Analytica, Nazarbayev University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7206-6290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NAC Analytica, Nazarbayev University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027999994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00148411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"1","first_page":"6","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic Trends and Sectoral Structure","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-agglomeration","display_name":"spatial agglomeration","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-productivity","display_name":"firm productivity","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-factor-productivity","display_name":"total factor productivity","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-clustering","display_name":"firm clustering","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-geography","display_name":"regional geography","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazakhstan","display_name":"Kazakhstan","score":0.7440000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.8323399424552917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.773332953453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131850264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383056","display_name":"Economies of agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.7639648914337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5320319533348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5081565380096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.49231088161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4761000871658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45735612511634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4405052363872528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.43867552280426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.425624817609787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42009884119033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.4191637635231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3790629506111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.19358691573143005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13554152846336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","pdf_url":"https://caer.narxoz.kz/jour/article/download/796/431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651919","display_name":"Central Asian Economic Review","issn_l":"2789-4398","issn":["2789-4398","2789-4401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Central Asian Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ajx:wpaper:14","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nacanalytica.com/images/macro/Papers/Spatial_concentration_and_firm_level_productivity_in_Kazakhstan.pdf","pdf_url":"https://nacanalytica.com/images/macro/Papers/Spatial_concentration_and_firm_level_productivity_in_Kazakhstan.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-1-6-21","pdf_url":"https://caer.narxoz.kz/jour/article/download/796/431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651919","display_name":"Central Asian Economic Review","issn_l":"2789-4398","issn":["2789-4398","2789-4401"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Central Asian Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207209544.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207209544.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480899479","https://openalex.org/W1541126089","https://openalex.org/W1543531352","https://openalex.org/W1930036822","https://openalex.org/W1964450723","https://openalex.org/W1978662648","https://openalex.org/W1993302914","https://openalex.org/W1995815888","https://openalex.org/W2101670890","https://openalex.org/W2112118673","https://openalex.org/W2145038697","https://openalex.org/W2245643225","https://openalex.org/W2568108779","https://openalex.org/W2752060435","https://openalex.org/W2752188537","https://openalex.org/W3021040265","https://openalex.org/W3124570538","https://openalex.org/W3125429821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983692013","https://openalex.org/W4323345138","https://openalex.org/W3081761693","https://openalex.org/W2244171399","https://openalex.org/W7071308256","https://openalex.org/W1999119208","https://openalex.org/W1930036822","https://openalex.org/W2124189803","https://openalex.org/W7166801696","https://openalex.org/W2993018686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"of":[1,9,41,53,56,64,67,72,82,119,121,168],"the":[2,7,42,51,57,65,73,117,122,126,157,164,173],"research.":[3,74],"This":[4,75],"paper":[5],"studies":[6],"effect":[8],"spatial":[10,83],"agglomeration":[11],"on":[12],"firms\u2019":[13,177],"total":[14],"factor":[15],"productivity":[16,87,108,131,152],"in":[17,88,116,140,142],"Kazakhstan":[18],"using":[19],"panel":[20],"data":[21,47],"from":[22,50],"2009":[23],"to":[24,78,97],"2017.":[25],"Methodology.":[26],"We":[27],"employ":[28],"a":[29,112,136],"two-stage":[30],"estimation":[31],"strategy":[32],"and":[33,62,85,91],"control":[34],"for":[35,59,95],"endogeneity":[36],"biases":[37],"by":[38,132,148],"making":[39],"use":[40],"GMM":[43],"approach.":[44],"The":[45,104,151],"firm-level":[46,86,130],"is":[48],"obtained":[49],"Bureau":[52],"National":[54],"Statistics":[55],"Agency":[58],"Strategic":[60],"Planning":[61],"Reforms":[63],"Republic":[66],"Kazakhstan.":[68],"Originality":[69],"/":[70],"value":[71],"study":[76,81],"contributes":[77],"an":[79],"empirical":[80],"concentration":[84],"developing":[89],"countries":[90],"provides":[92],"valuable":[93],"insights":[94],"policymakers":[96],"consider":[98],"before":[99],"implementing":[100],"government":[101],"programs.":[102],"Findings.":[103],"results":[105],"suggest":[106],"that":[107,172],"increases":[109,129,176],"with":[110],"clustering:":[111],"10":[113,137],"%":[114,138],"increase":[115,139],"number":[118],"employees":[120],"neighboring":[123],"firms":[124],"inside":[125],"same":[127],"industry":[128],"1.36":[133],"%,":[134],"while":[135],"employment":[141],"other":[143],"industries":[144],"enhances":[145],"firm":[146],"performance":[147],"1.95":[149],"%.":[150],"gains":[153],"are":[154],"higher":[155],"at":[156,163],"2-digit":[158],"regional":[159],"level":[160,167],"rather":[161],"than":[162],"9-digit":[165],"sub-regional":[166],"geographical":[169],"aggregation,":[170],"implying":[171],"denser":[174],"geography":[175],"performance.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
