{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207205490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010597","title":"Efficiency Evaluation of China\u2019s Public Sports Services: A Three-Stage DEA Model","display_name":"Efficiency Evaluation of China\u2019s Public Sports Services: A Three-Stage DEA Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207205490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010597","mag":"3207205490","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34682343","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8535537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph182010597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10597/pdf?version=1633853671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10597/pdf?version=1633853671","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043109711","display_name":"Ren Pengyu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyu Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China","College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100305988","display_name":"Liu Zhaoxia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100305988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2484},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2484},"fwci":1.798,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85129714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"20","first_page":"10597","last_page":"10597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sports-services","display_name":"public sports services","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficiency-evaluation","display_name":"efficiency measurement","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-stage-dea","display_name":"three-stage DEA","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-technical-efficiency","display_name":"pure technical efficiency","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-efficiency","display_name":"scale efficiency","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-variables","display_name":"environmental variables","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-gross-domestic-product","display_name":"regional gross domestic product","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-size","display_name":"population size","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-fitness-program","display_name":"national fitness program","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.8323479294776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.6508513689041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5706631541252136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777501827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283140","display_name":"Yearbook","level":2,"score":0.5690677165985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5679389238357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.508427083492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4660288989543915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4488610327243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.32593652606010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24465525150299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22894397377967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14743754267692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.14165344834327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1304524540901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11995625495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004526","descriptor_name":"Efficiency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017598","descriptor_name":"Efficiency, Organizational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph182010597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10597/pdf?version=1633853671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8535537","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8535537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34682343","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34682343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of environmental research and public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10597-:d:652917","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10597/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eabb86ebc3334d3d95733e3f040bb123","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eabb86ebc3334d3d95733e3f040bb123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 10597, p 10597 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph182010597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10597/pdf?version=1633853671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207205490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207205490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532189092","https://openalex.org/W1533154359","https://openalex.org/W1569059577","https://openalex.org/W1805491037","https://openalex.org/W1977845602","https://openalex.org/W1991497283","https://openalex.org/W2023587658","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2129763896","https://openalex.org/W2137854540","https://openalex.org/W2182310015","https://openalex.org/W2251095899","https://openalex.org/W2259653670","https://openalex.org/W2314664944","https://openalex.org/W2351278902","https://openalex.org/W2395962558","https://openalex.org/W2400445899","https://openalex.org/W2563986563","https://openalex.org/W2611600110","https://openalex.org/W2613454615","https://openalex.org/W2767845506","https://openalex.org/W2793671281","https://openalex.org/W2795726574","https://openalex.org/W2806034220","https://openalex.org/W2953096150","https://openalex.org/W2973170741","https://openalex.org/W2980457039","https://openalex.org/W3006084467","https://openalex.org/W3111015481","https://openalex.org/W3133839064","https://openalex.org/W3134362082","https://openalex.org/W6945279533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389583167","https://openalex.org/W4404763503","https://openalex.org/W4235845066","https://openalex.org/W2394256135","https://openalex.org/W7124368855","https://openalex.org/W7124469979","https://openalex.org/W2953096150","https://openalex.org/W7124437574","https://openalex.org/W7124365612","https://openalex.org/W7127136085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improving":[0],"the":[1,13,30,42,49,60,75,115,127,154,161,186],"level":[2,31],"of":[3,32,41,62,77,117,129,156,170,188],"public":[4,33,63,78,130,148,171,193],"sports":[5,34,64,79,131,149,172,194],"services":[6,35,65,173],"enhances":[7],"citizens'":[8],"physical":[9],"fitness":[10,15],"by":[11],"implementing":[12],"national":[14],"program.":[16],"A":[17],"systematic":[18],"and":[19,28,58,89,108,120,158,167],"scientific":[20],"efficiency":[21,61,76,82,88,105,111,128,169],"evaluation":[22],"is":[23],"a":[24,139],"prerequisite":[25],"for":[26,185,192],"optimizing":[27],"improving":[29],"in":[36,66,69,71,177],"China.":[37],"Based":[38],"on":[39],"data":[40,51],"Chinese":[43],"Statistic":[44],"Yearbook,":[45],"this":[46],"study":[47],"adopted":[48],"three-stage":[50],"envelopment":[52],"analysis":[53],"(DEA)":[54],"model":[55],"to":[56,97],"measure":[57],"analyze":[59,74],"31":[67],"provinces":[68],"China":[70],"2016.":[72],"To":[73],"services,":[80],"technical":[81,87,110,165],"was":[83,106,112],"decomposed":[84],"into":[85],"pure":[86,164],"scale":[90,104,168],"efficiency.":[91,151],"Simultaneously,":[92],"environmental":[93,121,157],"variables":[94],"were":[95],"added":[96],"improve":[98],"accuracy.":[99],"The":[100,180],"results":[101,181],"showed":[102,175],"that":[103],"overestimated,":[107],"external":[109,118],"underestimated,":[113],"before":[114],"elimination":[116],"factors":[119,124],"variables.":[122],"Environmental":[123],"significantly":[125],"impacted":[126],"services.":[132,195],"Regional":[133],"gross":[134],"domestic":[135],"product":[136],"(GDP)":[137],"had":[138],"potentially":[140],"positive":[141],"impact,":[142],"while":[143],"population":[144],"size":[145],"partially":[146],"restricted":[147],"service":[150],"After":[152],"eliminating":[153],"impact":[155],"random":[159],"factors,":[160],"comprehensive":[162],"efficiency,":[163,166],"all":[174],"improvement":[176,190],"varying":[178],"degrees.":[179],"provide":[182],"beneficial":[183],"insights":[184],"formulation":[187],"rational":[189],"policies":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
