{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206983853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","title":"Optimized Biodiesel Preparation from Waste Cooking Oil as a Fuel for Unmodified Diesel Engines","display_name":"Optimized Biodiesel Preparation from Waste Cooking Oil as a Fuel for Unmodified Diesel Engines","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206983853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","mag":"3206983853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","pdf_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/14989/2373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219973","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","issn_l":"2307-1877","issn":["2307-1877","2307-1885"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/14989/2373","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101916867","display_name":"Parvesh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-0216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-0216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152492","display_name":"Vaagdevi College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00m6fsq13","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I863896202","display_name":"Delhi Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ztcvt22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parvesh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi","Mechanical Engineering Department, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021664224","display_name":"M. Ramprasad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152492","display_name":"Vaagdevi College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00m6fsq13","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I863896202","display_name":"Delhi Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ztcvt22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ramprasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India","Mechanical Engineering Department, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal","CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sidharth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidharth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"apc_paid":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"fwci":0.1722,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36534612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11351","display_name":"Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel-production","display_name":"biodiesel production","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-cooking-oil","display_name":"waste cooking oil","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transesterification","display_name":"transesterification","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-fuel","display_name":"diesel fuel","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"process optimization","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-concentration","display_name":"catalyst concentration","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-to-oil-molar-ratio","display_name":"alcohol to oil molar ratio","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicochemical-properties","display_name":"physicochemical properties","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel-yield","display_name":"biodiesel yield","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-surface-methodology","display_name":"response surface methodology","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.8298753499984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.7680381536483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.6806093454360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.627632737159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92397422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062082","display_name":"Central composite design","level":3,"score":0.5968722105026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66910140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905957","display_name":"Biodiesel production","level":4,"score":0.5846862196922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5004570484161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.49040651321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4561651349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776369308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907735","display_name":"Design\u2013Expert","level":3,"score":0.45487770438194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.4358515739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.426086962223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.41536659002304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.41388705372810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2626473307609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.1843065619468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14834707975387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14783895015716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09512150287628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.08968347311019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0654207170009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","pdf_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/14989/2373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219973","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","issn_l":"2307-1877","issn":["2307-1877","2307-1885"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.icetet.14989","pdf_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/14989/2373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219973","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","issn_l":"2307-1877","issn":["2307-1877","2307-1885"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.878000020980835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206983853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206983853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1956581564","https://openalex.org/W1998278275","https://openalex.org/W2001979953","https://openalex.org/W2008793838","https://openalex.org/W2053913267","https://openalex.org/W2064841399","https://openalex.org/W2078213392","https://openalex.org/W2080069231","https://openalex.org/W2105963694","https://openalex.org/W2121182662","https://openalex.org/W2213661076","https://openalex.org/W2335274165","https://openalex.org/W2339987898","https://openalex.org/W2524969509","https://openalex.org/W2751975274","https://openalex.org/W2762225806","https://openalex.org/W2768413740","https://openalex.org/W2809169628","https://openalex.org/W2941548342","https://openalex.org/W2942664680","https://openalex.org/W2952610525","https://openalex.org/W2966188508","https://openalex.org/W2971666324","https://openalex.org/W4211041153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285206954","https://openalex.org/W3099637372","https://openalex.org/W3149277142","https://openalex.org/W3134139250","https://openalex.org/W4386578676","https://openalex.org/W3193991592","https://openalex.org/W4402875295","https://openalex.org/W1995860667","https://openalex.org/W2989913776","https://openalex.org/W2594860555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,83,106,129,145,185],"continuous":[1],"fluctuation":[2],"in":[3,9,25,94,103],"the":[4,10,14,19,26,46,56,61,72,78,95,139,154,169,211,219,224,227],"price":[5],"of":[6,49,88,108,131,141,148,171,188,213,226],"crude":[7],"oil":[8,66,111,126],"international":[11],"market":[12],"during":[13],"Covid-19":[15],"situation":[16],"forced":[17],"all":[18,34,132],"nation":[20],"to":[21,35,41,125,197,203],"work":[22,63,97],"for":[23,92],"self-sustainability":[24],"energy":[27,53],"sector.":[28],"This":[29],"pandemic":[30],"condition":[31],"also":[32,192,222],"teaches":[33],"utilize":[36],"available":[37],"sources":[38],"effectively.":[39],"So":[40],"deal":[42],"with":[43,138,158,181],"dual":[44],"problems":[45],"optimized":[47,76,114,149,182,189],"conversion":[48],"waste":[50,64,109],"into":[51,69],"an":[52],"source":[54],"is":[55,67,75,90,113,135,166,173],"most":[57],"effective":[58],"solution.":[59],"In":[60],"present":[62,96],"cooking":[65,110],"converted":[68],"biodiesel":[70,112,214],"and":[71,123,153,161,201],"production":[73,215],"process":[74],"using":[77],"response":[79],"surface":[80],"methodology":[81],"technique.":[82],"central":[84],"composite":[85],"design":[86,142],"approach":[87],"RSM":[89],"selected":[91],"optimization":[93,212],"which":[98],"provides":[99],"a":[100],"better":[101,194],"result":[102],"limited":[104],"experiments.":[105],"yield":[107,170,220],"through":[115],"four":[116],"parameters":[117,134],"i.e.":[118],"catalyst":[119],"concentration,":[120],"temp.,":[121],"time,":[122],"alcohol":[124],"molar":[127],"ratio.":[128],"effect":[130],"these":[133],"analyzed":[136],"exhaustively":[137],"help":[140],"expert":[143],"software.":[144],"physicochemical":[146,186],"properties":[147,187],"WCOB":[150,172,190,200],"are":[151,156],"measured":[152],"results":[155],"compared":[157,196],"petrodiesel":[159],"fuel":[160],"normally":[162,198],"prepared":[163,180,199],"WCOB.":[164],"It":[165],"found":[167,193],"that":[168,210],"increased":[174],"by":[175],"more":[176],"than":[177],"4%":[178],"while":[179],"parameter":[183],"values.":[184],"were":[191],"as":[195],"comparable":[202],"petrodiesel.":[204],"Hence":[205],"it":[206],"can":[207],"be":[208],"concluded":[209],"not":[216],"only":[217],"improves":[218,223],"but":[221],"quality":[225],"biodiesel.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
