{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206969799","doi":null,"title":"INVESTIGATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH MADE WITH NANOPARTICLES AND METAKAOLIN IN ACID AND SULPHATE SOLUTION","display_name":"INVESTIGATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH MADE WITH NANOPARTICLES AND METAKAOLIN IN ACID AND SULPHATE SOLUTION","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206969799","mag":"3206969799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3206969799","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://njeabu.com.ng/?mno=81315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289720","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Engineering","issn_l":"0794-4756","issn":["0794-4756"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318386","host_organization_name":"Scopemed","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scopemed"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nigerian Journal of Engineering","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://njeabu.com.ng/?mno=81315","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029778936","display_name":"Leonard Ngutor Dugguh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7882-3643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7882-3643"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard Ngutor Dugguh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7882-3643","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050914129","display_name":"Lawan Adamu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawan Adamu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028137295","display_name":"Stephen Pinder Ejeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3065-6575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3065-6575"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Ejeh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3065-6575","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008722253","display_name":"Amartey Dada Yusuf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amartey Dada Yusuf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45722178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"39","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11847","display_name":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-strength","display_name":"concrete strength","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticles","display_name":"nanoparticles","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metakaolin","display_name":"metakaolin","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-husk","display_name":"rice husk","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement-replacement","display_name":"cement replacement","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfuric-acid-attack","display_name":"sulfuric acid attack","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium-sulfate-attack","display_name":"magnesium sulfate attack","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-uptake","display_name":"water absorption","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ettringite","display_name":"ettringite","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gypsum","display_name":"gypsum","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silica-gel","display_name":"silica gel","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ca-si-ratio","display_name":"Ca/Si ratio","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-durability","display_name":"concrete durability","score":0.4050000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.9091470837593079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126292034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291516","display_name":"Metakaolin","level":3,"score":0.8835753202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6714212894439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6512342095375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168314062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2550696","display_name":"Absorption of water","level":2,"score":0.5552042126655579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5232590436935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5114240050315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10805034637451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3206969799","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://njeabu.com.ng/?mno=81315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289720","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Engineering","issn_l":"0794-4756","issn":["0794-4756"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318386","host_organization_name":"Scopemed","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scopemed"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nigerian Journal of Engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3206969799","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://njeabu.com.ng/?mno=81315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289720","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Engineering","issn_l":"0794-4756","issn":["0794-4756"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318386","host_organization_name":"Scopemed","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scopemed"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nigerian Journal of Engineering","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2958008792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922947598","https://openalex.org/W4226027338","https://openalex.org/W4388590857","https://openalex.org/W4200536905","https://openalex.org/W4245116239","https://openalex.org/W2144397574","https://openalex.org/W4310720251","https://openalex.org/W3084431660","https://openalex.org/W3015669845","https://openalex.org/W4409822597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,40,95,151,173],"investigation":[1],"of":[2,17,70,99,122,178,195,212,222,234,237,245,254,259],"concrete":[3,101],"strength":[4,42,69,78,89,138,148,164,170],"with":[5,153,262],"nanoparticles":[6,21],"and":[7,11,30,62,73,87,126,142,161,190,218,226,248,257],"metakaolin":[8,32],"in":[9,38,224],"acid":[10,125],"sulphate":[12,129,227],"solutions":[13,228],"was":[14,156,216,230],"the":[15,53,66,76,92,100,109,117,146,168,179,199,210,232,243,255,260],"aim":[16],"this":[18],"study.":[19],"were":[22,47],"obtained":[23],"from":[24,33],"rice":[25],"husk":[26],"through":[27],"sol-gel":[28],"method":[29],"beneficiated":[31],"kaolin":[34],"to":[35,158],"replace":[36],"cement":[37],"concrete.":[39,238],"compressive":[41,68,137,147,163,169],"results":[43],"at":[44,80,113],"56":[45],"days":[46],"computed":[48],"for":[49],"various":[50],"mixes.":[51],"From":[52],"results,":[54],"mix":[55,105,131,183,213],"number":[56,106,132],"5":[57],"(1%NS":[58],"20%MK),":[59],"10(2%NS":[60],"15%MK)":[61],"15(3%NS":[63],"10%MK)":[64],"had":[65,108,185],"highest":[67],"39.36N/mm2,":[71],"40.20N/mm2":[72],"41.78N/mm2":[74],"showed":[75,135,181,208,242],"most":[77],"development":[79,244],"28days":[81,121,194,221],"respectively.":[82],"This":[83],"is":[84],"10.7%,":[85],"9.8%":[86],"14.8%":[88],"increment":[90],"over":[91],"control":[93,118],"sample.":[94,119],"water":[96,111],"absorption":[97,112],"test":[98],"samples":[102,180],"revealed":[103],"that":[104,209],"10":[107,133,184,214],"least":[110],"69%":[114],"less":[115],"than":[116,145,167],"After":[120],"5%":[123,127],"sulphuric":[124],"magnesium":[128],"immersion,":[130],"also":[134,207],"a":[136,186,252],"reduction":[139,165],"by":[140],"9.7%":[141],"7.2%":[143],"more":[144,166,187],"before":[149,171],"immersion.":[150,172],"sample":[152],"no":[154],"additive":[155],"found":[157],"have":[159],"30.8%":[160],"23.8%":[162],"scanning":[174],"electron":[175],"microscopy":[176],"(SEM)":[177],"that,":[182],"compact,":[188],"homogenous":[189],"dense":[191],"structure":[192],"after":[193,220],"immersion":[196,223],"which":[197,215],"explains":[198],"high":[200],"strength.":[201],"Energy":[202],"Dispersion":[203],"X-ray":[204,239],"spectroscopy":[205],"(EDS)":[206],"Ca/Si":[211],"0.83":[217],"0.65":[219],"acidic":[225],"respectively":[229],"within":[231],"range":[233],"optimal":[235],"performance":[236],"diffraction":[240],"analysis":[241],"ettringite,":[246],"gypsum":[247],"silica":[249],"gel":[250],"as":[251],"result":[253],"disintegration":[256],"reaction":[258],"chemicals":[261],"hardened":[263],"material.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}