{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206579987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","title":"A High Aspect Ratio Inverse-Designed Holey Metalens","display_name":"A High Aspect Ratio Inverse-Designed Holey Metalens","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206579987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","mag":"3206579987","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34634205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143846845","display_name":"Nano Letters","issn_l":"1530-6984","issn":["1530-6984","1530-6992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nano Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078330183","display_name":"Soon Wei Daniel Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-6860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-6860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soon Wei Daniel Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-6860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087648094","display_name":"Maryna L. Meretska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-9374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-9374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryna L. Meretska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066671589","display_name":"Federico Capasso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-8249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-8249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Capasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066671589","https://openalex.org/A5078330183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"fwci":3.2733,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93730418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"20","first_page":"8642","last_page":"8649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10295","display_name":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-design","display_name":"inverse design","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction-limited-focusing","display_name":"diffraction-limited focusing","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-matching","display_name":"impedance matching","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achromatic-metalenses","display_name":"achromatic metalenses","score":0.8679999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82558694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545619","display_name":"Aspect ratio (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.7393592000007629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.707687497138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5909265279769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5795361399650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121535716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340600","display_name":"Achromatic lens","level":2,"score":0.543282151222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132447839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353268","display_name":"Contrast ratio","level":2,"score":0.491413950920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.4849441349506378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182610534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633620","display_name":"Ray","level":2,"score":0.47816354036331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4426341652870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23507410287857056}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143846845","display_name":"Nano Letters","issn_l":"1530-6984","issn":["1530-6984","1530-6992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nano Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34634205","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34634205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nano letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000168424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000168424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000168424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143846845","display_name":"Nano Letters","issn_l":"1530-6984","issn":["1530-6984","1530-6992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nano Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2027002873","display_name":"NNCI: Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS)","funder_award_id":"2025158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3991640498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR00111810001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6037937191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"019.173EN.010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488947367","https://openalex.org/W1593900118","https://openalex.org/W1869061657","https://openalex.org/W1983348509","https://openalex.org/W1984962131","https://openalex.org/W1991475538","https://openalex.org/W1992749761","https://openalex.org/W2010682338","https://openalex.org/W2011603349","https://openalex.org/W2031557272","https://openalex.org/W2036394496","https://openalex.org/W2053065297","https://openalex.org/W2056893961","https://openalex.org/W2062206171","https://openalex.org/W2079143227","https://openalex.org/W2086446763","https://openalex.org/W2097222254","https://openalex.org/W2119035517","https://openalex.org/W2121607567","https://openalex.org/W2128951726","https://openalex.org/W2143711213","https://openalex.org/W2151703299","https://openalex.org/W2166104855","https://openalex.org/W2206039450","https://openalex.org/W2293149760","https://openalex.org/W2294343028","https://openalex.org/W2299870622","https://openalex.org/W2316238174","https://openalex.org/W2325571527","https://openalex.org/W2415475836","https://openalex.org/W2472133964","https://openalex.org/W2606168767","https://openalex.org/W2616585596","https://openalex.org/W2728571758","https://openalex.org/W2730413913","https://openalex.org/W2740268063","https://openalex.org/W2763851777","https://openalex.org/W2769601824","https://openalex.org/W2780100310","https://openalex.org/W2790915754","https://openalex.org/W2895480274","https://openalex.org/W2899838062","https://openalex.org/W2925047271","https://openalex.org/W2949800318","https://openalex.org/W2954681175","https://openalex.org/W2989405307","https://openalex.org/W2993734182","https://openalex.org/W3003452360","https://openalex.org/W3007170136","https://openalex.org/W3017271859","https://openalex.org/W3021987096","https://openalex.org/W3023127118","https://openalex.org/W3035837979","https://openalex.org/W3038098813","https://openalex.org/W3039926693","https://openalex.org/W3042093209","https://openalex.org/W3048869938","https://openalex.org/W3113852942","https://openalex.org/W3121389997","https://openalex.org/W3124902482","https://openalex.org/W3128617243","https://openalex.org/W3132510228","https://openalex.org/W3180571742","https://openalex.org/W3190118328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192807284","https://openalex.org/W4366608531","https://openalex.org/W4410846361","https://openalex.org/W7134264858","https://openalex.org/W3133598818","https://openalex.org/W4409054574","https://openalex.org/W4403319338","https://openalex.org/W2980641146","https://openalex.org/W4281844168","https://openalex.org/W4298156644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free-standing":[0],"nanofins":[1],"or":[2],"pillar":[3],"meta-atoms":[4],"are":[5],"the":[6,65,82,90,94,101,108,126,133],"most":[7],"common":[8],"constituent":[9],"building":[10],"blocks":[11],"in":[12,16,39],"metalenses":[13,35,53],"and":[14,33,76,96],"metasurfaces":[15],"general.":[17],"Here,":[18],"we":[19,71],"present":[20],"an":[21],"alternative":[22],"metasurface":[23,66],"geometry":[24],"based":[25],"on":[26],"high":[27,120,139],"aspect":[28,48,110,122,140],"ratio":[29,111,123,141],"via-holes.":[30],"We":[31],"design":[32],"characterize":[34],"comprising":[36],"ultradeep":[37],"via-holes":[38],"5":[40],"\u03bcm":[41],"thick":[42],"free-standing":[43],"silicon":[44],"membranes":[45],"with":[46],"hole":[47],"ratios":[49],"approaching":[50],"30:1.":[51],"These":[52],"focus":[54],"incident":[55,95],"infrared":[56],"light":[57],"into":[58],"a":[59,136],"diffraction-limited":[60],"spot.":[61],"Instead":[62],"of":[63,112,138],"shaping":[64],"optical":[67,113],"phase":[68,75],"profile":[69],"alone,":[70],"engineer":[72],"both":[73],"transmitted":[74,97],"amplitude":[77],"profiles":[78],"simultaneously":[79],"by":[80],"inverse-designing":[81],"lens":[83],"effective":[84],"index":[85],"profile.":[86],"This":[87],"approach":[88],"improves":[89],"impedance":[91],"match":[92],"between":[93],"waves,":[98],"thereby":[99],"increasing":[100],"focusing":[102],"efficiency.":[103],"The":[104,119],"holey":[105],"platform":[106],"increases":[107,125],"accessible":[109],"nanostructures":[114],"without":[115],"sacrificing":[116],"mechanical":[117],"robustness.":[118],"nanostructure":[121],"also":[124],"chromatic":[127],"group":[128],"delay":[129],"range":[130],"attainable,":[131],"paving":[132],"way":[134],"for":[135],"generation":[137],"ruggedized":[142],"flat":[143],"optics,":[144],"including":[145],"large-area":[146],"broadband":[147],"achromatic":[148],"metalenses.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}