{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206532094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","title":"Digitally twinned additive manufacturing: Detecting flaws in laser powder bed fusion by combining thermal simulations with in-situ meltpool sensor data","display_name":"Digitally twinned additive manufacturing: Detecting flaws in laser powder bed fusion by combining thermal simulations with in-situ meltpool sensor data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206532094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","mag":"3206532094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8792693","display_name":"Materials & Design","issn_l":"0264-1275","issn":["0264-1275","1873-4197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials &amp; Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037009496","display_name":"Reza Yavari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-5098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-5098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Yavari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059712194","display_name":"Alex Riensche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4628-3443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4628-3443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Riensche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013258111","display_name":"Emine Tekerek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-1319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-1319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Tekerek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000087415","display_name":"Lars Jacquemetton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124637","display_name":"Sigma Labs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/039d88t66","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124637"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Jacquemetton","raw_affiliation_strings":["SigmaLabs, Santa Fe, NM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SigmaLabs, Santa Fe, NM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067087134","display_name":"Harold Scott Halliday","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2390-5040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2390-5040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802611995","display_name":"Navajo Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jkpmg51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802611995"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Halliday","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802611995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044604970","display_name":"Marcie Vandever","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802611995","display_name":"Navajo Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jkpmg51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802611995"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Vandever","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802611995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088061878","display_name":"Adriane Tenequer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802611995","display_name":"Navajo Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jkpmg51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802611995"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Tenequer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802611995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057001719","display_name":"Vignesh I. Perumal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-4562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-4562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Perumal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019860690","display_name":"Antonios Kontsos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-2478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-2478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Kontsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007248028","display_name":"Ziyad Smoqi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-7465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-7465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Smoqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033425543","display_name":"Kevin D. Cole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-7479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-7479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045182089","display_name":"Prahalada Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-622X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-622X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045182089"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"fwci":6.7673,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98308381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"211","issue":null,"first_page":"110167","last_page":"110167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-powder-bed-fusion","display_name":"laser powder bed fusion","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-twin","display_name":"digital twin","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ-monitoring","display_name":"in situ monitoring","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defect-detection","display_name":"defect detection","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-simulation","display_name":"thermal simulation","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ-temperature-measurement","display_name":"in-situ temperature measurement","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/316l-stainless-steel","display_name":"316L stainless steel","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impeller","display_name":"impeller","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-microstructure","display_name":"heterogeneous microstructure","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-drift","display_name":"process drift","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-intrusion","display_name":"computer intrusion","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-process-monitoring","display_name":"real-time process monitoring","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6747344136238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.558627724647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777822432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216681","display_name":"In situ","level":2,"score":0.5241944193840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5011715888977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4865761995315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.46207550168037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153005164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1698700","display_name":"Impeller","level":2,"score":0.4353451430797577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4231926202774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39779335260391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.37275758385658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.3211657404899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.18055731058120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11377674341201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8792693","display_name":"Materials & Design","issn_l":"0264-1275","issn":["0264-1275","1873-4197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials &amp; Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:mechengfacpub-1581","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/mechengfacpub/616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:caa9d491eb2e4ecfbdcca82ef9893b4a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/caa9d491eb2e4ecfbdcca82ef9893b4a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials & Design, Vol 211, Iss , Pp 110167- (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8792693","display_name":"Materials & Design","issn_l":"0264-1275","issn":["0264-1275","1873-4197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials &amp; Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494352226","https://openalex.org/W1979123059","https://openalex.org/W2015954192","https://openalex.org/W2028815369","https://openalex.org/W2041603365","https://openalex.org/W2048140592","https://openalex.org/W2127202995","https://openalex.org/W2148430292","https://openalex.org/W2279780730","https://openalex.org/W2321947306","https://openalex.org/W2324464036","https://openalex.org/W2344816559","https://openalex.org/W2509624959","https://openalex.org/W2515744457","https://openalex.org/W2518352236","https://openalex.org/W2563851806","https://openalex.org/W2567885395","https://openalex.org/W2584508145","https://openalex.org/W2588134529","https://openalex.org/W2595776905","https://openalex.org/W2596355102","https://openalex.org/W2610695131","https://openalex.org/W2610744337","https://openalex.org/W2619263430","https://openalex.org/W2688991736","https://openalex.org/W2759766116","https://openalex.org/W2762367303","https://openalex.org/W2765097946","https://openalex.org/W2768427822","https://openalex.org/W2794220270","https://openalex.org/W2794978972","https://openalex.org/W2801556043","https://openalex.org/W2803307778","https://openalex.org/W2803999279","https://openalex.org/W2810871634","https://openalex.org/W2884691768","https://openalex.org/W2889333773","https://openalex.org/W2893079962","https://openalex.org/W2900615132","https://openalex.org/W2905365044","https://openalex.org/W2943318449","https://openalex.org/W2945791638","https://openalex.org/W2954012077","https://openalex.org/W2972263106","https://openalex.org/W2980897245","https://openalex.org/W2981055053","https://openalex.org/W2987773155","https://openalex.org/W2990451840","https://openalex.org/W2991910174","https://openalex.org/W3000195285","https://openalex.org/W3010383105","https://openalex.org/W3013022504","https://openalex.org/W3022413870","https://openalex.org/W3023846942","https://openalex.org/W3038861185","https://openalex.org/W3043348598","https://openalex.org/W3049618663","https://openalex.org/W3085774568","https://openalex.org/W3090689398","https://openalex.org/W3092758530","https://openalex.org/W3108748076","https://openalex.org/W3113461067","https://openalex.org/W3117648516","https://openalex.org/W3128396239","https://openalex.org/W3139228162","https://openalex.org/W3143338927","https://openalex.org/W3170799808","https://openalex.org/W3189256896","https://openalex.org/W4249271370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402544381","https://openalex.org/W2991910174","https://openalex.org/W6999760479","https://openalex.org/W4309567570","https://openalex.org/W4366143670","https://openalex.org/W4289822409","https://openalex.org/W3214989874","https://openalex.org/W2984103999","https://openalex.org/W7164736062","https://openalex.org/W4388717922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,128,162,250,280],"goal":[1],"of":[2,9,31,61,103,122,164,217,254,291,295],"this":[3,104,133,301],"research":[4],"is":[5,27,77,106,135,167,191,284],"the":[6,17,35,62,88,101,154,158,165,169,175,227,240,246,255,292],"in-situ":[7,140,183],"detection":[8,121,290],"flaw":[10,123,195,218,296],"formation":[11,124,196,219,297],"in":[12,51,70,75,125,157,197,220,226,300],"metal":[13],"parts":[14,57,202],"made":[15,203],"using":[16,52,204,267],"laser":[18],"powder":[19],"bed":[20],"fusion":[21],"(LPBF)":[22],"additive":[23,73],"manufacturing":[24,74],"process.":[25],"This":[26,187],"an":[28],"important":[29],"area":[30],"research,":[32],"because,":[33],"despite":[34],"considerable":[36],"cost":[37],"and":[38,47,72,109,113,120,236,252,261,272,276],"time":[39],"savings":[40],"achieved,":[41],"precision-driven":[42],"industries,":[43],"such":[44,210,258],"as":[45,259],"aerospace":[46],"biomedical,":[48],"are":[49,212,264],"reticent":[50],"LPBF":[53,126,207,221],"to":[54,59,64,79,96,107,131,193,242,286],"make":[55],"safety\u2013critical":[56],"due":[58],"tendency":[60],"process":[63,89,241],"create":[65],"flaws.":[66],"Another":[67],"emerging":[68],"concern":[69],"LPBF,":[71],"general,":[76],"related":[78],"cyber":[80],"security":[81],"\u2013":[82],"malicious":[83],"actors":[84],"may":[85],"tamper":[86],"with":[87,144,182,239],"or":[90],"plant":[91,243],"flaws":[92,244],"inside":[93,245],"a":[94,111,145,205],"part":[95,159,247],"compromise":[97],"its":[98],"performance.":[99],"Accordingly,":[100],"objective":[102,134],"work":[105],"develop":[108],"apply":[110],"physics":[112],"data":[114],"integrated":[115],"strategy":[116],"for":[117,289],"online":[118],"monitoring":[119],"parts.":[127],"approach":[129,166,190,283],"used":[130],"realize":[132],"based":[136],"on":[137],"combining":[138],"(twinning)":[139],"meltpool":[141,184],"temperature":[142,155,170,185],"measurements":[143],"graph":[146],"theory-based":[147],"thermal":[148,177],"simulation":[149],"model":[150,178],"that":[151,168],"rapidly":[152],"predicts":[153],"distribution":[156,171],"(thermal":[160],"history).":[161],"novelty":[163],"predictions":[172],"provided":[173],"by":[174],"computational":[176],"were":[179],"updated":[180],"layer-by-layer":[181],"measurements.":[186],"digital":[188,281],"twin":[189,282],"applied":[192],"detect":[194],"stainless":[198],"steel":[199],"(316L)":[200],"impeller-shaped":[201],"commercial":[206],"system.":[208],"Four":[209],"impellers":[211],"produced":[213],"emulating":[214],"three":[215,293],"pathways":[216],"parts,":[222],"these":[223],"are:":[224],"changes":[225],"processing":[228],"parameters":[229],"(process":[230],"drifts);":[231],"machine-related":[232],"malfunctions":[233],"(lens":[234],"delamination),":[235],"deliberate":[237],"tampering":[238],"(cyber":[248],"intrusions).":[249],"severity":[251],"nature":[253],"resulting":[256],"flaws,":[257],"porosity":[260],"microstructure":[262],"heterogeneity,":[263],"characterized":[265],"ex-situ":[266],"X-ray":[268],"computed":[269],"tomography,":[270],"optical":[271],"scanning":[273],"electron":[274,277],"microscopy,":[275],"backscatter":[278],"diffraction.":[279],"shown":[285],"be":[287],"effective":[288],"types":[294],"causes":[298],"studied":[299],"work.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
