{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206410580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","title":"The Associations between Work Stress, Leadership Behaviors and Job Performance among Workers in Three Types of Occupations in Malaysia","display_name":"The Associations between Work Stress, Leadership Behaviors and Job Performance among Workers in Three Types of Occupations in Malaysia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206410580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","mag":"3206410580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","pdf_url":"https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/10283/the-associations-between-work-stress-leadership-behaviors-and-job-performance-among-workers-in-three-types-of-occupations-in-malaysia.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764998092","display_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences","issn_l":"2226-3624","issn":["2226-3624","2311-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/10283/the-associations-between-work-stress-leadership-behaviors-and-job-performance-among-workers-in-three-types-of-occupations-in-malaysia.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067420265","display_name":"Norshaffika Izzaty Zaiedy Nor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6899-4761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6899-4761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norrshaffika I. Zaiedy Nor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078720843","display_name":"Daniella Maryam Mohamed Mokhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5016-5389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5016-5389"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniella M. Mokhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085851492","display_name":"Haznina A. Hazuan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haznina A. Hazuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078720843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5493,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73524583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.4336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.4336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.21230000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.1784999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-stress","display_name":"occupational stress","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-behavior","display_name":"leadership behavior","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"employee performance","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initiating-structure","display_name":"initiating structure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-differences","display_name":"demographic differences","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-differences","display_name":"occupational differences","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-workers","display_name":"industrial workers","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-experience","display_name":"work experience","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6456263065338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.6081789135932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150706916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206702","display_name":"Job attitude","level":4,"score":0.5872960090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5527104139328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985668427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815298","display_name":"Job stress","level":3,"score":0.5290787816047668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4922977685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.45076876878738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42350202798843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.255510151386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11952841281890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","pdf_url":"https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/10283/the-associations-between-work-stress-leadership-behaviors-and-job-performance-among-workers-in-three-types-of-occupations-in-malaysia.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764998092","display_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences","issn_l":"2226-3624","issn":["2226-3624","2311-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10283","pdf_url":"https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/10283/the-associations-between-work-stress-leadership-behaviors-and-job-performance-among-workers-in-three-types-of-occupations-in-malaysia.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764998092","display_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences","issn_l":"2226-3624","issn":["2226-3624","2311-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206410580.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206410580.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111793314","https://openalex.org/W124749275","https://openalex.org/W623754785","https://openalex.org/W636055898","https://openalex.org/W1931720011","https://openalex.org/W1968821860","https://openalex.org/W1970503709","https://openalex.org/W1975807914","https://openalex.org/W1983115028","https://openalex.org/W1992641932","https://openalex.org/W2005851703","https://openalex.org/W2013876507","https://openalex.org/W2032548398","https://openalex.org/W2034522054","https://openalex.org/W2036896453","https://openalex.org/W2067987699","https://openalex.org/W2082383583","https://openalex.org/W2089798236","https://openalex.org/W2097430971","https://openalex.org/W2121027604","https://openalex.org/W2127050785","https://openalex.org/W2153441208","https://openalex.org/W2171427729","https://openalex.org/W2180492167","https://openalex.org/W2311091966","https://openalex.org/W2415230574","https://openalex.org/W2513947282","https://openalex.org/W2592930861","https://openalex.org/W2792671226","https://openalex.org/W2806790164","https://openalex.org/W2884194875","https://openalex.org/W2926924412","https://openalex.org/W2937027999","https://openalex.org/W2970245123","https://openalex.org/W3013377356","https://openalex.org/W3017501114","https://openalex.org/W3098104500","https://openalex.org/W4247878144","https://openalex.org/W6637487359","https://openalex.org/W7074657492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584756248","https://openalex.org/W4417248375","https://openalex.org/W3028121897","https://openalex.org/W2324477616","https://openalex.org/W2889501113","https://openalex.org/W3116659779","https://openalex.org/W7116988443","https://openalex.org/W2317545329","https://openalex.org/W4367593408","https://openalex.org/W4393407432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"objectives":[1],"of":[2,50,66,132,151],"this":[3],"study":[4],"were":[5,61,109],"to":[6,129,178],"identify":[7],"the":[8,28,107,166,187,193],"differences":[9],"in":[10,52,100],"work":[11,31,88,173],"stress,":[12,32],"leadership":[13,33],"behaviors":[14,34],"(consideration":[15,115],"and":[16,19,26,35,56,77,90,95,120,139,161,196],"initiating":[17,121,162],"structure)":[18],"job":[20,36,91,96,142,179],"performance":[21,37,97],"based":[22],"on":[23],"demographic":[24,68,167],"information;":[25],"investigate":[27],"association":[29],"between":[30],"after":[38,164],"controlling":[39,165],"other":[40],"variables":[41],"(demographic":[42],"information).Data":[43],"from":[44,47],"200":[45],"workers":[46,85,126,145],"three":[48,128],"types":[49],"occupations":[51],"Malaysia":[53],"(promoter,":[54],"cleaner":[55],"factory":[57],"workers)":[58],"was":[59,170,175,184],"collected.Participants":[60],"given":[62],"a":[63],"questionnaire":[64],"consisting":[65],"six":[67],"information:":[69],"Job":[70,78],"Stress":[71],"Scale,":[72],"Leader":[73],"Behavior":[74],"Description":[75],"Questionnaire,":[76],"Performance":[79],"Scale.The":[80],"findings":[81,188],"revealed":[82],"that":[83,172],"female":[84],"experience":[86,133,152],"higher":[87,99],"stress":[89,94,174],"performance,":[92,143,180],"workplace":[93],"are":[98,189],"different":[101],"age":[102],"groups":[103],"(40-49":[104],"years":[105,118,124,131,150],"old),":[106],"leaders":[108],"rated":[110],"as":[111,136,156],"being":[112],"more":[113,137,158],"thoughtful":[114],"behavior)":[116],"(30-39":[117],"old)":[119],"structure":[122],"(50-59":[123],"old).Furthermore,":[125],"with":[127,146,192],"four":[130],"evaluated":[134],"themselves":[135],"stressed":[138],"having":[140,157],"high":[141],"but":[144],"less":[147],"than":[148],"two":[149],"regarded":[153],"their":[154],"bosses":[155],"considerate":[159],"behavior":[160,183],"structure.Moreover,":[163],"information,":[168],"it":[169],"discovered":[171],"negatively":[176],"related":[177],"whereas":[181],"consideration":[182],"positively":[185],"associated.Lastly,":[186],"discussed":[190],"along":[191],"limitations,":[194],"implications":[195],"recommendations":[197],"for":[198],"future":[199],"research.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}