{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206078632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000774","title":"Machine learning for the identification of decision boundaries during the transition from radial to vertical growth phase superficial spreading melanomas","display_name":"Machine learning for the identification of decision boundaries during the transition from radial to vertical growth phase superficial spreading melanomas","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206078632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000774","mag":"3206078632","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34686646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/cmr.0000000000000774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3207524","display_name":"Melanoma Research","issn_l":"0960-8931","issn":["0960-8931","1473-5636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Melanoma Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrea Moglia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Moglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, EndoCAS, Center for Computer Assisted Surgery, Pisa","Vivendo Pharma GmbH, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, EndoCAS, Center for Computer Assisted Surgery, Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vivendo Pharma GmbH, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amilcare Cerri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570669","display_name":"Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo","ror":"https://ror.org/03dpchx26","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4396570669"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amilcare Cerri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Dermatology Unit ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Dermatology Unit ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I4396570669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alessandra Moglia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Moglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, EndoCAS, Center for Computer Assisted Surgery, Pisa","Vivendo Pharma GmbH, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, EndoCAS, Center for Computer Assisted Surgery, Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vivendo Pharma GmbH, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raffaella Berchiolli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaella Berchiolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Vascular Surgery Unit, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Vascular Surgery Unit, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mauro Ferrari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Ferrari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, EndoCAS, Center for Computer Assisted Surgery, Pisa","Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Vascular Surgery Unit, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, EndoCAS, Center for Computer Assisted Surgery, Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Vascular Surgery Unit, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Roberto Betti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570669","display_name":"Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo","ror":"https://ror.org/03dpchx26","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4396570669"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Betti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Dermatology Unit ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Dermatology Unit ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I4396570669"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18004642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"6","first_page":"533","last_page":"540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superficial-spreading-melanoma","display_name":"superficial spreading melanoma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-growth-phase","display_name":"radial growth phase","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-growth-phase","display_name":"vertical growth phase","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanoma-invasion","display_name":"melanoma invasion","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-boundaries","display_name":"decision boundaries","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomical-location","display_name":"anatomical location","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limb-melanoma","display_name":"limb melanoma","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193472","display_name":"Trunk","level":2,"score":0.6783999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989316616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027402","display_name":"Lower limb","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777658100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180614","display_name":"Melanoma","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149288129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185357","display_name":"Phase transition","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019461541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320100","display_name":"Slow growth","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/cmr.0000000000000774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3207524","display_name":"Melanoma Research","issn_l":"0960-8931","issn":["0960-8931","1473-5636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Melanoma Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34686646","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34686646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Melanoma research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1119616","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1119616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1253061","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1253061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42869079","https://openalex.org/W999043622","https://openalex.org/W1933894743","https://openalex.org/W2083574998","https://openalex.org/W2118863192","https://openalex.org/W2129234309","https://openalex.org/W2152950860","https://openalex.org/W2164972162","https://openalex.org/W2413214345","https://openalex.org/W2473880240","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2786147899","https://openalex.org/W2806853752","https://openalex.org/W2885738414","https://openalex.org/W2895707854","https://openalex.org/W2896011958","https://openalex.org/W3014318280","https://openalex.org/W3022109431","https://openalex.org/W3093045698","https://openalex.org/W4230734770","https://openalex.org/W4253258290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2473880240","https://openalex.org/W2027443612","https://openalex.org/W607668415","https://openalex.org/W2080323885","https://openalex.org/W1549610998","https://openalex.org/W2040355088","https://openalex.org/W3010996644","https://openalex.org/W2086927543","https://openalex.org/W2901990695","https://openalex.org/W2564912853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,229],"objective":[1],"of":[2,13,40,51,216,245],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,57,64,79,96,125,148,162,191],"to":[6,38,66,221,227,234],"compute":[7,67],"threshold":[8,75,95,124,144,161,190],"values":[9],"for":[10,76,101,145,167,200,205],"the":[11,20,45,52,55,68,77,88,94,102,112,118,123,146,154,160,168,178,184,189,214,217,253],"diameter":[12,78,147,215],"superficial":[14],"spreading":[15],"melanomas":[16],"(SSMs)":[17],"at":[18,81,97,108,126,150,163,174,192],"which":[19],"radial":[21,233],"growth":[22,30],"phase":[23,31,239],"(RGP)":[24],"evolves":[25],"into":[26],"an":[27,243],"invasive":[28,71,237],"vertical":[29,238],"(VGP).":[32],"We":[33],"examined":[34],"reports":[35],"from":[36,225,231],"1995":[37],"2019":[39],"834":[41],"primary":[42],"SSMs.":[43],"All":[44],"patients":[46],"underwent":[47],"complete":[48],"surgical":[49],"removal":[50],"tumor":[53,246],"and":[54,117,129,136,183,195,204,219,256],"diagnosis":[56],"confirmed":[58],"after":[59],"histologic":[60],"examination.":[61],"Machine":[62],"learning":[63],"used":[65],"thresholds.":[69],"For":[70,87,111,153,177],"non-naevus-associated":[72,135],"SSMs,":[73],"a":[74,143,223,232,235,249],"found":[80,149],"13.2":[82],"mm":[83,128,194],"(n":[84,91,105,114,120,140,157,171,180,186],"=":[85,92,106,115,121,141,158,172,181,187],"634).":[86],"lower":[89,155],"limb":[90,104,156,170],"209)":[93],"9.8":[98],"mm,":[99,131,165,197],"whereas":[100,166],"upper":[103,169],"117)":[107],"14.1":[109,196],"mm.":[110,152,176],"back":[113,179],"106)":[116],"trunk":[119,185],"173),":[122],"16.2":[127],"17.1":[130],"respectively.":[132,198],"When":[133],"considering":[134],"naevus-associated":[137],"SSMs":[138],"together":[139],"834)":[142],"16.8":[151],"248)":[159],"11.7":[164],"146)":[173],"16.4":[175],"170)":[182],"236),":[188],"18.6":[193],"Thresholds":[199],"various":[201],"anatomic":[202],"locations":[203],"each":[206],"gender":[207],"were":[208,211],"defined.":[209],"They":[210],"based":[212],"on":[213],"melanoma":[218],"computed":[220],"suggest":[222],"transition":[224,230],"RGP":[226],"VGP.":[228],"more":[236],"is":[240],"detected":[241],"by":[242],"increase":[244],"size":[247],"with":[248],"numeric":[250],"cutoff.":[251],"Besides":[252],"anamnestic,":[254],"clinical":[255,269],"dermatoscopic":[257],"findings,":[258],"our":[259],"proposed":[260],"approach":[261],"may":[262],"have":[263],"practical":[264],"relevance":[265],"in":[266],"vivo":[267],"during":[268],"presurgical":[270],"inspections.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}