{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205546258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011215","title":"The Decision-Making Analysis on End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling and Remanufacturing under Extended Producer Responsibility Policy","display_name":"The Decision-Making Analysis on End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling and Remanufacturing under Extended Producer Responsibility Policy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205546258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011215","mag":"3205546258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132011215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011215","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11215/pdf?version=1634554817","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11215/pdf?version=1634554817","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089486619","display_name":"Syed Abdul Rehman Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5197-2318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5197-2318","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-4148"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124841900","display_name":"Xuzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02315by94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124841900"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158000","display_name":"ILMA University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fj0h750","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158000"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Abdul Rehman Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Sciences, ILMA University, Karachi 75190, Pakistan","School of Management and Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Sciences, ILMA University, Karachi 75190, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124841900"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045105258","display_name":"Danish Iqbal Godil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-3744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-3744"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danish Iqbal Godil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dar-ul-Madina International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dar-ul-Madina International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022810061","display_name":"George Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-7554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-7554"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marketing, College of Business Administration, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-7554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marketing, College of Business Administration, Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081118409","display_name":"Muhammad Tanveer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-6544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-6544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tanveer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-6544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057755271","display_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Zia\u2010ul\u2010haq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-7445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-7445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157696592","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu","ror":"https://ror.org/02474f074","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Zia-ul-haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-7445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005616207","display_name":"Haider Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-4338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-4338","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7201-5622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haider Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-4338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089486619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124841900","https://openalex.org/I4210158000"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"fwci":2.7039,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90538566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"20","first_page":"11215","last_page":"11215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12017","display_name":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","score":0.07609999924898148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-of-life-vehicles","display_name":"end-of-life vehicles","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-recycling","display_name":"vehicle recycling","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remanufacturing","display_name":"remanufacturing","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-producer-responsibility","display_name":"extended producer responsibility","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-party-recycler","display_name":"third-party recycler","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-regulation","display_name":"government regulation","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/licensing-fees","display_name":"licensing fees","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionarily-stable-strategy","display_name":"evolutionarily stable strategy","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"waste management","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-efficiency","display_name":"resource efficiency","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1521829","display_name":"Remanufacturing","level":2,"score":0.9388781785964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6421202421188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6070245504379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.4819338321685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.4683113992214203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4568094313144684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.32910865545272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25887835025787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18923676013946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17156049609184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1576518714427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1430395245552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.09229937195777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.08327969908714294}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132011215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011215","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11215/pdf?version=1634554817","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11215-:d:653893","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11215/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132011215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011215","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11215/pdf?version=1634554817","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205546258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205546258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W961541956","https://openalex.org/W1539212814","https://openalex.org/W1971833599","https://openalex.org/W2022218142","https://openalex.org/W2045345964","https://openalex.org/W2049917621","https://openalex.org/W2057622873","https://openalex.org/W2066886556","https://openalex.org/W2077012112","https://openalex.org/W2077800159","https://openalex.org/W2378107332","https://openalex.org/W2406289015","https://openalex.org/W2561985291","https://openalex.org/W2598422528","https://openalex.org/W2613685957","https://openalex.org/W2890422014","https://openalex.org/W2890498870","https://openalex.org/W2904584458","https://openalex.org/W2945251661","https://openalex.org/W2960212397","https://openalex.org/W2969760251","https://openalex.org/W2985372899","https://openalex.org/W2996374299","https://openalex.org/W3036090479","https://openalex.org/W3043920098","https://openalex.org/W3112709072","https://openalex.org/W3120475350","https://openalex.org/W3161945827","https://openalex.org/W3177711041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286609423","https://openalex.org/W4380884549","https://openalex.org/W3043920098","https://openalex.org/W4396534042","https://openalex.org/W4386442679","https://openalex.org/W3012005184","https://openalex.org/W4312138425","https://openalex.org/W2045293471","https://openalex.org/W2049002631","https://openalex.org/W7160951456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,54,150],"research":[1,55,151],"develops":[2],"a":[3,39,92],"dual-cycle":[4,140],"ELV":[5,19,65,141,189,201],"recycling":[6,20,66,142,172,190,196,202],"and":[7,13,21,47,67,79,117,121,143,159,165,173,191,203,219],"remanufacturing":[8,22,68,145,174,204],"system":[9,146,205],"to":[10,37,155,162,168,181,187,194],"better":[11],"understand":[12],"improve":[14],"the":[15,18,25,31,51,101,109,122,128,135,144,153,177,200],"efficiency":[16],"of":[17,28,94],"businesses.":[23],"For":[24],"flawless":[26],"operation":[27],"this":[29],"system,":[30],"researchers":[32],"employed":[33],"evolutionary":[34,57],"game":[35,40],"theory":[36],"establish":[38],"model":[41],"between":[42,77,114],"original":[43],"vehicle":[44],"manufacturers":[45],"(OVMs)":[46],"third-party":[48,123,166],"recyclers":[49,167],"with":[50],"government":[52,154,178],"involved.":[53],"presents":[56],"stable":[58],"strategies":[59],"(ESS)":[60],"that":[61,72],"could":[62,105],"promote":[63,195],"an":[64],"system.":[69],"Results":[70],"show":[71],"OVMs\u2019":[73,95,110],"expected":[74,96,111],"profit":[75,97,112,125],"difference":[76,113],"choosing":[78,81,115,119],"not":[80,118],"authorization":[82,116,120],"is":[83,179,214],"crucial":[84,215],"in":[85,139],"their":[86],"ESS.":[87],"The":[88],"licensing":[89,129],"fee":[90,130],"plays":[91],"part":[93],"difference.":[98],"Based":[99],"on":[100,185],"results,":[102],"optimal":[103],"ESS":[104],"be":[106,148,207],"achieved":[107],"when":[108,126],"recyclers\u2019":[124],"paying":[127],"are":[131],"both":[132,217],"positive.":[133],"Then,":[134],"two":[136],"groups\u2019":[137],"involvement":[138],"can":[147],"ensured.":[149],"implicates":[152],"devise":[156],"appropriate":[157],"reward":[158],"punishment":[160],"strategy":[161],"encourage":[163],"OVMs":[164,186],"collaborate":[169],"for":[170,216],"efficient":[171],"systems.":[175],"Particularly,":[176],"suggested":[180],"impose":[182],"strict":[183],"restrictions":[184],"carry":[188],"provide":[192],"support":[193],"quantity":[197],"standards.":[198],"Hence,":[199],"would":[206],"strengthened,":[208],"thus":[209],"improving":[210],"waste":[211],"management":[212],"which":[213],"environmental":[218],"resource":[220],"efficiency.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}