{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205326182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12556","title":"The role of gun supply in 1980s and 1990s youth violence","display_name":"The role of gun supply in 1980s and 1990s youth violence","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205326182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12556","mag":"3205326182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/coep.12556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185930956","display_name":"Contemporary Economic Policy","issn_l":"1074-3529","issn":["1074-3529","1465-7287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040900857","display_name":"Wm. Alan Bartley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78641905","display_name":"Transylvania University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4hqc60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78641905"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wm. Alan Bartley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78641905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062513165","display_name":"Geoffrey Fain Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-9791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-9791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78641905","display_name":"Transylvania University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4hqc60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78641905"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Fain Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-9791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78641905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040900857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78641905"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74889126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"323","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13605","display_name":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-violence","display_name":"youth violence","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firearm-access","display_name":"firearm access","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-shocks","display_name":"supply shocks","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.681731104850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109167261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421955","display_name":"Fell","level":2,"score":0.6666093468666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.6543554663658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993856043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5618454","display_name":"Gun violence","level":4,"score":0.6038480997085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5850659608840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780534388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328508","display_name":"Gun control","level":2,"score":0.4782794415950775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.45972105860710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.39348381757736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.3414570689201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3365633487701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.29252681136131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.19491195678710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12743434309959412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11610880494117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10094037652015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.09556162357330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.08844679594039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/coep.12556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185930956","display_name":"Contemporary Economic Policy","issn_l":"1074-3529","issn":["1074-3529","1465-7287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Contemporary Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75947501","https://openalex.org/W563278073","https://openalex.org/W565498893","https://openalex.org/W1510284816","https://openalex.org/W1565987823","https://openalex.org/W1581036050","https://openalex.org/W1594814827","https://openalex.org/W1661475426","https://openalex.org/W1842508708","https://openalex.org/W1983235862","https://openalex.org/W1997684209","https://openalex.org/W2030904865","https://openalex.org/W2030910725","https://openalex.org/W2032364767","https://openalex.org/W2053695264","https://openalex.org/W2080787825","https://openalex.org/W2091839878","https://openalex.org/W2116491192","https://openalex.org/W2118000275","https://openalex.org/W2130505000","https://openalex.org/W2139658476","https://openalex.org/W2143018146","https://openalex.org/W2144701430","https://openalex.org/W2151938064","https://openalex.org/W2153120613","https://openalex.org/W2158906461","https://openalex.org/W2161250447","https://openalex.org/W2169366013","https://openalex.org/W2175022164","https://openalex.org/W2262352493","https://openalex.org/W2331253396","https://openalex.org/W2413996970","https://openalex.org/W2504224979","https://openalex.org/W2566564889","https://openalex.org/W2766420463","https://openalex.org/W2767720670","https://openalex.org/W2794349173","https://openalex.org/W2797896493","https://openalex.org/W2808799706","https://openalex.org/W2884428370","https://openalex.org/W2889639449","https://openalex.org/W2890920974","https://openalex.org/W2903472367","https://openalex.org/W2999063780","https://openalex.org/W3025381839","https://openalex.org/W3121585412","https://openalex.org/W3122973679","https://openalex.org/W3124106026","https://openalex.org/W3125057276","https://openalex.org/W4213217284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W769076159","https://openalex.org/W2053695264","https://openalex.org/W16613618","https://openalex.org/W4388436558","https://openalex.org/W2797896493","https://openalex.org/W2116491192","https://openalex.org/W7095206255","https://openalex.org/W927832733","https://openalex.org/W7037988229","https://openalex.org/W4298395718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Youth":[1],"violence":[2,86],"surged":[3],"between":[4],"1985":[5],"and":[6,34],"1994.":[7],"We":[8,60],"argue":[9],"that":[10],"a":[11,62],"positive":[12],"supply":[13],"shock":[14],"in":[15,32,65,72,85],"autoloading":[16,58],"handguns":[17],"played":[18],"an":[19],"important":[20],"role.":[21],"By":[22],"the":[23,35,55],"late":[24],"1970s,":[25],"computer":[26],"numeric":[27],"control":[28],"technology":[29],"had":[30],"fallen":[31],"cost":[33],"number":[36],"of":[37,80,96],"installed":[38],"machines":[39],"increased":[40],"by":[41],"690%":[42],"from":[43],"1978":[44],"to":[45,69],"1988.":[46],"Consumer":[47],"durable":[48],"prices":[49],"fell":[50],"throughout":[51],"this":[52,88],"period,":[53],"including":[54],"easily":[56],"machined":[57],"handguns.":[59],"document":[61],"steep":[63],"fall":[64],"handgun":[66],"prices,":[67],"leading":[68],"predictable":[70],"changes":[71,84],"purchasing":[73],"among":[74],"all":[75],"American":[76],"demographics.":[77],"Local":[78],"proxies":[79],"gun":[81],"access":[82],"predict":[83],"over":[87],"period":[89],"as":[90],"well":[91],"or":[92],"better":[93],"than":[94],"measures":[95],"crack":[97],"market":[98],"activity.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
