{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205193740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","title":"The Unifying Hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/Glycosaminoglycans Are Key as First Hypothesized Over 30 Years Ago","display_name":"The Unifying Hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/Glycosaminoglycans Are Key as First Hypothesized Over 30 Years Ago","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205193740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","mag":"3205193740","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34671250","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8521200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118428158","display_name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","issn_l":"1663-4365","issn":["1663-4365"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019375169","display_name":"Alan D. Snow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-3100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-3100"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan David Snow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074811293","display_name":"Joel A. Cummings","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel A. Cummings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085592378","display_name":"Thomas P. Lake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Lake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Clarity Inc., Edmonds, WA, United States","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019375169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":8.4833,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9878465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"710683","last_page":"710683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11131","display_name":"Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heparan-sulfate-proteoglycans","display_name":"heparan sulfate proteoglycans","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heparan-sulfate-glycosaminoglycans","display_name":"heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-beta-aggregation","display_name":"amyloid-beta aggregation","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-plaques","display_name":"amyloid plaques","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perlecan","display_name":"perlecan","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucopolysaccharidoses","display_name":"mucopolysaccharidosis","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apolipoprotein-e","display_name":"apolipoprotein E","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-aging","display_name":"brain aging","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778041096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424668","display_name":"Heparan sulfate","level":3,"score":0.8370314836502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153074725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407553","display_name":"Glycosaminoglycan","level":2,"score":0.800457239151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22731427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071346","display_name":"Perlecan","level":4,"score":0.6191016435623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.6006267070770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155138218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994559","display_name":"Sulfation","level":2,"score":0.5872109532356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5213164687156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778608917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6787805","display_name":"Matrigel","level":3,"score":0.5071601867675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777633098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736051","display_name":"Amyloid (mycology)","level":2,"score":0.5067515969276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27523624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14860849","display_name":"Fibril","level":2,"score":0.47337597608566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.4621925950050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38049930334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.37243902683258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.3459746539592743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.20903006196022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.1895391047000885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118428158","display_name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","issn_l":"1663-4365","issn":["1663-4365"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8521200","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8521200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Aging Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34671250","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34671250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in aging neuroscience","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:720e5cf2eb964bafa63207089e9eb513","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/720e5cf2eb964bafa63207089e9eb513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Vol 13 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.710683/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118428158","display_name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","issn_l":"1663-4365","issn":["1663-4365"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205193740.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205193740.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":177,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182237","https://openalex.org/W26925773","https://openalex.org/W29975354","https://openalex.org/W38966321","https://openalex.org/W90346617","https://openalex.org/W100176828","https://openalex.org/W156547651","https://openalex.org/W187449250","https://openalex.org/W195908663","https://openalex.org/W252198630","https://openalex.org/W1479951212","https://openalex.org/W1482589873","https://openalex.org/W1484703368","https://openalex.org/W1501588760","https://openalex.org/W1507578999","https://openalex.org/W1531779321","https://openalex.org/W1532965294","https://openalex.org/W1548047210","https://openalex.org/W1560111844","https://openalex.org/W1580856681","https://openalex.org/W1588168513","https://openalex.org/W1808559002","https://openalex.org/W1817291585","https://openalex.org/W1830570981","https://openalex.org/W1837455343","https://openalex.org/W1886309537","https://openalex.org/W1945776083","https://openalex.org/W1964268853","https://openalex.org/W1967827164","https://openalex.org/W1968152808","https://openalex.org/W1968496776","https://openalex.org/W1969214107","https://openalex.org/W1969615032","https://openalex.org/W1969981383","https://openalex.org/W1970263481","https://openalex.org/W1970922431","https://openalex.org/W1971266269","https://openalex.org/W1978421706","https://openalex.org/W1979308998","https://openalex.org/W1980617596","https://openalex.org/W1981185926","https://openalex.org/W1982819887","https://openalex.org/W1987210223","https://openalex.org/W1988501494","https://openalex.org/W1994282166","https://openalex.org/W1995515835","https://openalex.org/W1996849399","https://openalex.org/W2000172237","https://openalex.org/W2001714428","https://openalex.org/W2002909248","https://openalex.org/W2005849137","https://openalex.org/W2008607866","https://openalex.org/W2008655430","https://openalex.org/W2009556657","https://openalex.org/W2014504341","https://openalex.org/W2016050368","https://openalex.org/W2016758992","https://openalex.org/W2019460884","https://openalex.org/W2023105561","https://openalex.org/W2023970316","https://openalex.org/W2024492106","https://openalex.org/W2024793493","https://openalex.org/W2025697845","https://openalex.org/W2026762639","https://openalex.org/W2030471534","https://openalex.org/W2031768903","https://openalex.org/W2032018161","https://openalex.org/W2032126356","https://openalex.org/W2032920422","https://openalex.org/W2034163119","https://openalex.org/W2036362108","https://openalex.org/W2039940600","https://openalex.org/W2041775741","https://openalex.org/W2046847750","https://openalex.org/W2047403340","https://openalex.org/W2049741730","https://openalex.org/W2050153572","https://openalex.org/W2051601626","https://openalex.org/W2052559661","https://openalex.org/W2053644101","https://openalex.org/W2056546502","https://openalex.org/W2060458492","https://openalex.org/W2067993535","https://openalex.org/W2072788595","https://openalex.org/W2073235859","https://openalex.org/W2074281903","https://openalex.org/W2076467891","https://openalex.org/W2077469611","https://openalex.org/W2079976343","https://openalex.org/W2080772092","https://openalex.org/W2080807893","https://openalex.org/W2082608849","https://openalex.org/W2087982057","https://openalex.org/W2088642626","https://openalex.org/W2089040344","https://openalex.org/W2089493903","https://openalex.org/W2089607910","https://openalex.org/W2090843520","https://openalex.org/W2092176884","https://openalex.org/W2092658114","https://openalex.org/W2093112418","https://openalex.org/W2094886543","https://openalex.org/W2100102011","https://openalex.org/W2103164340","https://openalex.org/W2103997070","https://openalex.org/W2110469556","https://openalex.org/W2112855634","https://openalex.org/W2119328943","https://openalex.org/W2120843434","https://openalex.org/W2123442023","https://openalex.org/W2126231259","https://openalex.org/W2136868816","https://openalex.org/W2138754781","https://openalex.org/W2140725368","https://openalex.org/W2144726104","https://openalex.org/W2148870351","https://openalex.org/W2150685088","https://openalex.org/W2151282930","https://openalex.org/W2152170709","https://openalex.org/W2158859972","https://openalex.org/W2158898828","https://openalex.org/W2159814060","https://openalex.org/W2161558355","https://openalex.org/W2166227856","https://openalex.org/W2168100054","https://openalex.org/W2183289900","https://openalex.org/W2298917175","https://openalex.org/W2299755521","https://openalex.org/W2321380255","https://openalex.org/W2345670786","https://openalex.org/W2398648256","https://openalex.org/W2407359553","https://openalex.org/W2412889958","https://openalex.org/W2414819497","https://openalex.org/W2463065734","https://openalex.org/W2523438690","https://openalex.org/W2598328231","https://openalex.org/W2605102435","https://openalex.org/W2617113601","https://openalex.org/W2619865336","https://openalex.org/W2621462985","https://openalex.org/W2623302327","https://openalex.org/W2730311072","https://openalex.org/W2747229802","https://openalex.org/W2756722491","https://openalex.org/W2757206627","https://openalex.org/W2781911700","https://openalex.org/W2791286257","https://openalex.org/W2792837771","https://openalex.org/W2801709935","https://openalex.org/W2801771391","https://openalex.org/W2805303487","https://openalex.org/W2809376065","https://openalex.org/W2809913775","https://openalex.org/W2887536793","https://openalex.org/W2889510758","https://openalex.org/W2896921600","https://openalex.org/W2906630689","https://openalex.org/W2907733456","https://openalex.org/W2950870451","https://openalex.org/W2989361381","https://openalex.org/W2991423684","https://openalex.org/W3005551602","https://openalex.org/W3005581403","https://openalex.org/W3013486914","https://openalex.org/W3042628423","https://openalex.org/W3061118318","https://openalex.org/W3085153423","https://openalex.org/W3086870866","https://openalex.org/W3094975056","https://openalex.org/W3135370494","https://openalex.org/W3151589819","https://openalex.org/W3159212386","https://openalex.org/W3173072840","https://openalex.org/W4238987763","https://openalex.org/W4243071733","https://openalex.org/W4255113999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367616093","https://openalex.org/W4323322151","https://openalex.org/W2106081636","https://openalex.org/W2006198178","https://openalex.org/W2745736915","https://openalex.org/W20095458","https://openalex.org/W2468467744","https://openalex.org/W7221299162","https://openalex.org/W1588168513","https://openalex.org/W2145258357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61],"updated":[1],"\"Unifying":[2,338],"Hypothesis":[3,339],"of":[4,59,68,138,153,161,168,208,235,251,260,276,283,331,340],"Alzheimer's":[5,341],"disease\"":[6,342],"(AD)":[7],"is":[8,64,86,300],"described":[9],"that":[10,45,143,175,219,296,343],"links":[11],"all":[12,52,183],"the":[13,57,65,90,119,151,166,172,216,237,327,336],"observed":[14],"neuropathology":[15],"in":[16,56,118,157,171,227,242,262,265,272,291,306,313,326,358],"AD":[17,120,158,243,328],"brain":[18,147,173],"(i.e.,":[19],"plaques,":[20],"tangles,":[21],"and":[22,43,50,73,96,140,155,181,196,223,244,267,281,287,356],"cerebrovascular":[23],"amyloid":[24,112,245],"deposits),":[25],"as":[26,28,39,215,349],"well":[27],"inflammation,":[29],"genetic":[30],"factors":[31],"(involving":[32],"ApoE),":[33],"\"AD-in-a-Dish\"":[34],"studies,":[35],"beta-amyloid":[36],"protein":[37,126,289],"(A\u03b2)":[38],"a":[40,54,228,301],"microbial":[41],"peptide;":[42],"theories":[44],"bacteria,":[46],"gut":[47],"microflora,":[48],"gingivitis":[49],"viruses":[51,182,197],"play":[53],"role":[55],"cause":[58,198,205],"AD.":[60],"common":[62],"link":[63],"early":[66],"accumulation":[67,80,167,259,280,299,305],"heparan":[69,74],"sulfate":[70,75],"proteoglycans":[71],"(HSPGs)":[72],"glycosaminoglycans":[76],"(GAGs).":[77],"HS":[78,83,94,141,162,176,187,199,253,261,277,297,323],"GAG":[79,84,254,298,324],"and/or":[81,135],"decreased":[82,136],"degradation":[85,137],"postulated":[87],"to":[88,106,116,127,146,150,201,204,257,269,303,311,321,335],"be":[89],"key":[91,350],"initiating":[92],"event.":[93],"GAGs":[95,142,177,188,200,348],"highly":[97],"sulfated":[98],"macromolecules":[99],"induce":[100],"A\u03b2":[101,169,209,304],"1-40":[102],"(but":[103],"not":[104],"1-42)":[105],"form":[107,128],"spherical":[108],"congophilic":[109],"maltese-cross":[110],"star-like":[111],"core":[113],"deposits":[114],"identical":[115],"those":[117],"brain.":[121,159,329],"Heparin/HS":[122],"also":[123],"induces":[124],"tau":[125],"paired":[129],"helical":[130],"filaments":[131],"(PHFs).":[132],"Increased":[133],"sulfation":[134,325],"HSPGs":[139,346],"occur":[144],"due":[145],"aging":[148,309],"leads":[149,310],"formation":[152,226],"plaques":[154],"tangles":[156],"Knockout":[160],"genes":[163],"markedly":[164],"reduce":[165],"fibrils":[170],"demonstrating":[174,295],"are":[178],"key.":[179],"Bacteria":[180,195],"use":[184,213],"cell":[185],"surface":[186],"for":[189],"entry":[190],"into":[191],"cells,":[192],"including":[193,315],"SARS-CoV-2.":[194],"rapidly":[202],"increase":[203],"near-immediate":[206],"aggregation":[207],"fibrils.":[210],"\"AD-in-a-dish\"":[211],"studies":[212],"\"Matrigel\"":[214],"underlying":[217],"scaffold":[218],"spontaneously":[220],"causes":[221],"plaque,":[222],"then":[224],"tangle":[225],"dish.":[229],"Matrigel":[230],"mostly":[231],"contains":[232],"large":[233],"amounts":[234],"perlecan,":[236],"same":[238],"specific":[239,252],"HSPG":[240],"implicated":[241],"disorders.":[246],"Mucopolysaccharidoses":[247],"caused":[248],"by":[249,354],"lack":[250],"enzymes":[255],"lead":[256,334],"massive":[258],"lysosomal":[263],"compartments":[264],"neurons":[266],"contribute":[268],"cognitive":[270],"impairment":[271],"children.":[273],"Neurons":[274],"full":[275],"demonstrate":[278],"marked":[279],"fibrillization":[282],"A\u03b2,":[284],"tau,":[285],"\u03b1-synuclein,":[286],"prion":[288],"(PrP)":[290],"mucopolysaccharidosis":[292],"animal":[293],"models":[294],"precursor":[302],"neurons.":[307],"Brain":[308],"changes":[312],"HSPGs,":[314],"newly":[316],"identified":[317],"splice":[318],"variants":[319],"leading":[320],"increased":[322],"All":[330],"these":[332],"events":[333],"new":[337],"further":[344],"implicates":[345],"/HS":[347],"(as":[351],"first":[352],"hypothesized":[353],"Snow":[355],"Wight":[357],"1989).":[359]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
