{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205113051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959","title":"Alleviating lead-induced phytotoxicity and enhancing the phytoremediation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) by glutathione application: new insights into the mechanisms regulating antioxidants, gas exchange and lead uptake","display_name":"Alleviating lead-induced phytotoxicity and enhancing the phytoremediation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) by glutathione application: new insights into the mechanisms regulating antioxidants, gas exchange and lead uptake","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205113051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959","mag":"3205113051","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34634959"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54083545","display_name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","issn_l":"1522-6514","issn":["1522-6514","1549-7879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068000671","display_name":"Atif A. Bamagoos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atif A. Bamagoos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031892880","display_name":"Zahid Imran Mallhi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahid Imran Mallhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010542598","display_name":"Mohamed Ahmed El-Esawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-5689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-5689"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21376657","display_name":"Tanta University","ror":"https://ror.org/016jp5b92","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21376657"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. El-Esawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-5689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21376657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047535240","display_name":"Muhammad Rizwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3513-2041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3513-2041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rizwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3513-2041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069766766","display_name":"Awais Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4774-3111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4774-3111","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-6048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awais Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052471824","display_name":"Afzal Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-5966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-5966"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afzal Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102824190","display_name":"Hesham F. Alharby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-0214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-0214","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-4411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesham F. Alharby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085368703","display_name":"Basmah M. Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-0353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-0353"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basmah M. Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biology department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biology department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086539587","display_name":"Shafaqat Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3773-5196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3773-5196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184693016","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v408z34","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK","TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shafaqat Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan","Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086539587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I194348271"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8073,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64511879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"933","last_page":"944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.7167999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.7167999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.2709999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-toxicity","display_name":"lead toxicity","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytoremediation","display_name":"phytoremediation","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ricinus-communis","display_name":"Ricinus communis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione","display_name":"glutathione","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-tolerance","display_name":"heavy metal tolerance","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-enzymes","display_name":"antioxidant enzymes","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthetic-pigments","display_name":"photosynthetic pigments","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-exchange","display_name":"gas exchange","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-uptake","display_name":"lead uptake","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-accumulation","display_name":"lead accumulation","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-contamination","display_name":"soil contamination","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-regulators","display_name":"plant growth regulators","score":0.75}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63797996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283180","display_name":"Phytoremediation","level":3,"score":0.8930631279945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.5695964097976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777127260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155867","display_name":"Ricinus","level":2,"score":0.5238144993782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.5218421816825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.49400049448013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4284396171569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.4217557907104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780858201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3774857","display_name":"Phytotoxicity","level":2,"score":0.41509610414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.379375696182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3327985405921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.31880587339401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.27427923679351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.26407378911972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11366519331932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.08982324600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001673","descriptor_name":"Biodegradation, Environmental","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002367","descriptor_name":"Ricinus communis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005978","descriptor_name":"Glutathione","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012278","descriptor_name":"Ricinus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54083545","display_name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","issn_l":"1522-6514","issn":["1522-6514","1549-7879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34634959","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34634959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of phytoremediation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4359000027179718}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116253160","https://openalex.org/W191793640","https://openalex.org/W747785300","https://openalex.org/W810541191","https://openalex.org/W1464859270","https://openalex.org/W1964640795","https://openalex.org/W1964923689","https://openalex.org/W1983831643","https://openalex.org/W1984161447","https://openalex.org/W1993834151","https://openalex.org/W1996074871","https://openalex.org/W2001283380","https://openalex.org/W2003140914","https://openalex.org/W2003888179","https://openalex.org/W2005783354","https://openalex.org/W2006844031","https://openalex.org/W2009290577","https://openalex.org/W2016098413","https://openalex.org/W2033951690","https://openalex.org/W2040195652","https://openalex.org/W2040770586","https://openalex.org/W2043093687","https://openalex.org/W2043775718","https://openalex.org/W2067965715","https://openalex.org/W2079057185","https://openalex.org/W2094848985","https://openalex.org/W2107617356","https://openalex.org/W2110802603","https://openalex.org/W2110856574","https://openalex.org/W2119564624","https://openalex.org/W2136239632","https://openalex.org/W2144371542","https://openalex.org/W2203753936","https://openalex.org/W2278651710","https://openalex.org/W2285521604","https://openalex.org/W2289240638","https://openalex.org/W2338595047","https://openalex.org/W2344835300","https://openalex.org/W2350617926","https://openalex.org/W2486259265","https://openalex.org/W2499801378","https://openalex.org/W2530019810","https://openalex.org/W2550948063","https://openalex.org/W2553976196","https://openalex.org/W2591904409","https://openalex.org/W2592495206","https://openalex.org/W2606052699","https://openalex.org/W2611217794","https://openalex.org/W2620934863","https://openalex.org/W2621289402","https://openalex.org/W2738559767","https://openalex.org/W2741325656","https://openalex.org/W2762120887","https://openalex.org/W2777246061","https://openalex.org/W2793750578","https://openalex.org/W2800537529","https://openalex.org/W2883073594","https://openalex.org/W2891118574","https://openalex.org/W2898544920","https://openalex.org/W2919347935","https://openalex.org/W2954608428","https://openalex.org/W2959360057","https://openalex.org/W2990718179","https://openalex.org/W2994817202","https://openalex.org/W3123574355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3143884239","https://openalex.org/W4412025290","https://openalex.org/W2889460999","https://openalex.org/W4409655466","https://openalex.org/W4321497447","https://openalex.org/W4387006554","https://openalex.org/W2289240638","https://openalex.org/W2004019397","https://openalex.org/W2990718179","https://openalex.org/W2608641167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heavy":[0],"metals":[1],"pollution":[2],"represents":[3],"a":[4,20,118,225],"serious":[5],"issue":[6],"for":[7],"cultivable":[8],"lands":[9],"and":[10,28,44,57,72,129,153,173,202,214,250,264,296,316],"ultimately":[11],"threatens":[12],"the":[13,33,39,78,83,94,97,105,111,125,148,169,179,182,192,243,272,282,285,292],"worldwide":[14],"food":[15,60],"security.":[16],"Lead":[17,30],"(Pb)":[18],"is":[19,70],"menacing":[21],"metal":[22,317],"which":[23],"induces":[24],"toxicity":[25,31],"in":[26,35,38,51,54,63,66,123,164,224,242,246,251,260,265,269,290,306],"plants":[27,55,135,304],"humans.":[29,67],"reduces":[32],"photosynthesis":[34],"plants,":[36,160],"resulting":[37,62],"reduction":[40],"of":[41,49,85,96,100,114,132,157,175,184,206,222,232,288,299],"plant":[42,120],"growth":[43,121],"biomass.":[45],"The":[46,68,141],"excessive":[47],"concentration":[48],"Pb":[50,145,166,200,212,215,223,244,255],"soil":[52],"accumulates":[53],"body":[56],"enters":[58],"into":[59],"chain,":[61],"health":[64],"hazards":[65],"phytoremediation":[69,98,130,297],"eco-friendly":[71],"cost-efficient":[73],"technique":[74],"to":[75,82,109],"clean":[76],"up":[77],"polluted":[79],"soils.":[80],"However,":[81,228],"best":[84],"our":[86],"Knowledge,":[87],"there":[88],"are":[89],"very":[90],"few":[91],"reports":[92],"addressing":[93],"enhancement":[95],"potential":[99,112,131,298],"castor":[101,133,158,208,300],"bean":[102,134,159,209,301],"plants.":[103,165,210],"Therefore,":[104],"present":[106],"study":[107],"aimed":[108],"investigate":[110],"role":[113,287],"glutathione":[115],"(GSH),":[116],"as":[117],"promising":[119,286],"regulator,":[122],"enhancing":[124,291],"lead":[126,138,293],"stress":[127,139,146,167,171,188,294],"tolerance":[128,295],"grown":[136],"under":[137],"conditions.":[140],"results":[142],"indicated":[143],"that":[144],"reduced":[147,186],"growth,":[149,193],"biomass,":[150,194],"chlorophyll":[151],"pigments":[152],"gas":[154,197,312],"exchange":[155,198],"attributes":[156],"causing":[161],"oxidative":[162,170,187],"damage":[163],"induced":[168],"markers":[172],"activities":[174,205],"antioxidant":[176,203],"enzymes.":[177],"On":[178],"other":[180],"hand,":[181],"application":[183],"GSH":[185,234,277,289],"markers,":[189],"but":[190],"enhanced":[191,259],"photosynthetic":[195],"pigments,":[196],"attributes,":[199],"accumulation":[201,216,256],"enzymes":[204],"lead-stressed":[207],"Both":[211],"uptake":[213,245],"were":[217,240],"increased":[218],"by":[219,248,253,262,267],"increasing":[220],"concentrations":[221],"dose-additive":[226],"manner.":[227],"at":[229],"high":[230],"dose":[231],"exogenous":[233],"(25":[235],"mg":[236],"L\u22121)":[237],"further":[238,258],"enhancements":[239],"recorded":[241],"shoot":[247,261],"48%":[249],"root":[252,266],"46%;":[254],"was":[257,278],"98%":[263],"101%":[268],"comparison":[270],"with":[271],"respective":[273],"control":[274],"where":[275],"no":[276],"applied.":[279],"Taken":[280],"together,":[281],"findings":[283],"revealed":[284],"(Ricinus":[302],"communis)":[303],"cultivated":[305],"Pb-polluted":[307],"soils":[308],"through":[309],"regulating":[310],"leaf":[311],"exchange,":[313],"antioxidants":[314],"machinery,":[315],"uptake.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
