{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204772902","doi":null,"title":"Constitutional Law - First Amendment - Freedom of the Press - Constitutional Privilege for Defamation - Private Individual - Libel - Damages","display_name":"Constitutional Law - First Amendment - Freedom of the Press - Constitutional Privilege for Defamation - Private Individual - Libel - Damages","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204772902","mag":"3204772902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3204772902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1922&context=dlr","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508479","display_name":"Duquesne Law Review","issn_l":"0093-3058","issn":["0093-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Duquesne Law Review","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066757523","display_name":"William R. Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-1188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-1188"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William R. Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-1188","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066757523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4797702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"89","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.6172000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.6172000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.38179999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/press-freedom","display_name":"freedom of the press","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-amendment","display_name":"First Amendment","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-privilege","display_name":"constitutional privilege","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defamation","display_name":"defamation","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/libel","display_name":"libel","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/damages","display_name":"damages","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-individuals","display_name":"private persons","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-expression","display_name":"freedom of expression","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.805509090423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994536602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12616","display_name":"First amendment","level":3,"score":0.7022238373756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.595964789390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18650270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11206","display_name":"Constitutional law","level":2,"score":0.5899696946144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308922","display_name":"Damages","level":2,"score":0.5771306753158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75952962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22688","display_name":"Freedom of the press","level":3,"score":0.4457978904247284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3404265","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4453085660934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.2712760269641876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10292375087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3204772902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1922&context=dlr","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508479","display_name":"Duquesne Law Review","issn_l":"0093-3058","issn":["0093-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Duquesne Law Review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9200000166893005}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083238194","https://openalex.org/W3204240504","https://openalex.org/W1496480150","https://openalex.org/W6999347696","https://openalex.org/W2796253249","https://openalex.org/W2795559794","https://openalex.org/W2594814220","https://openalex.org/W3195266318","https://openalex.org/W623613376","https://openalex.org/W3093574705"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}