{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204765393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199057","title":"A Novel Machine Learning Approach for Tuberculosis Segmentation and Prediction Using Chest-X-Ray (CXR) Images","display_name":"A Novel Machine Learning Approach for Tuberculosis Segmentation and Prediction Using Chest-X-Ray (CXR) Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204765393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199057","mag":"3204765393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11199057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/19/9057/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/19/9057/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033113499","display_name":"Xavier Alphonse Inbaraj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Alphonse Inbaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060824369","display_name":"Charlyn Nayve Villavicencio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-8727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-8727"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I242692392","display_name":"Bulacan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5aqg65","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I242692392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["PH","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlyn Villavicencio","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communications Technology, Bulacan State University, Bulacan 3000, Philippines","Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-8727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communications Technology, Bulacan State University, Bulacan 3000, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I242692392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053709346","display_name":"Julio Jerison E. Macrohon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2738-4932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2738-4932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julio Jerison Macrohon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2738-4932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042815282","display_name":"Jyh-Horng Jeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-8333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-8333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyh-Horng Jeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-8333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111452632","display_name":"Jer\u2010Guang Hsieh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jer-Guang Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033113499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":0.9761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71107895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"19","first_page":"9057","last_page":"9057"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-detection","display_name":"tuberculosis detection","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-x-ray-images","display_name":"chest X-ray images","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion-segmentation","display_name":"lesion segmentation","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree-classifier","display_name":"decision tree classification","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wiener-filter","display_name":"Wiener filter","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-noise-removal","display_name":"impulse noise removal","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prewitt-edge-detection","display_name":"Prewitt edge detection","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-features","display_name":"color features","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6625627875328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5669471621513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.5662333369255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5101385712623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5015349388122559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45229849219322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.421017050743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3728095591068268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36018067598342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.15092328190803528}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11199057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/19/9057/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b01bcb681a4147d6b1b48fc40d1afe31","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b01bcb681a4147d6b1b48fc40d1afe31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 19, p 9057 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app11199057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/19/9057/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204765393.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204765393.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W747944234","https://openalex.org/W1994062553","https://openalex.org/W2010382953","https://openalex.org/W2075620628","https://openalex.org/W2310042802","https://openalex.org/W2745075853","https://openalex.org/W2912055738","https://openalex.org/W2939788146","https://openalex.org/W3004666248","https://openalex.org/W3045801508","https://openalex.org/W3049148847","https://openalex.org/W3082121747","https://openalex.org/W3082256466","https://openalex.org/W3086790427","https://openalex.org/W3093846600","https://openalex.org/W3109680477","https://openalex.org/W3188048006","https://openalex.org/W4232097126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6931735650","https://openalex.org/W4394874740","https://openalex.org/W4285277316","https://openalex.org/W4377261397","https://openalex.org/W2912055738","https://openalex.org/W2991787377","https://openalex.org/W4402727047","https://openalex.org/W2938530877","https://openalex.org/W4416765238","https://openalex.org/W3024263255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tuberculosis":[0,12],"is":[1],"a":[2,18,35,48,62,86],"potential":[3],"fatal":[4],"disease":[5],"with":[6],"high":[7],"morbidity":[8],"and":[9,59,71,83,114,122],"mortality":[10],"rates.":[11],"death":[13],"rates":[14],"are":[15],"rising,":[16],"posing":[17],"serious":[19],"health":[20],"threat":[21],"in":[22,41,109],"several":[23],"poor":[24],"countries":[25],"around":[26],"the":[27,66,73,92,100,103,110,115],"world.":[28],"To":[29],"address":[30],"this":[31],"issue,":[32],"we":[33,64],"proposed":[34],"novel":[36],"method":[37],"for":[38],"detecting":[39],"tuberculosis":[40,53],"chest":[42],"X-ray":[43],"(CXR)":[44],"images":[45,82],"that":[46],"uses":[47],"three-phased":[49,112],"approach":[50,106],"to":[51,69],"distinguish":[52,70],"such":[54],"as":[55,91],"segmentation,":[56],"feature":[57,116],"extraction,":[58],"classification.":[60],"In":[61],"CXR,":[63],"utilized":[65],"Weiner":[67],"filter":[68],"reduce":[72],"impulse":[74],"noise.":[75],"The":[76],"features":[77],"were":[78],"extracted":[79],"from":[80],"CXR":[81],"trained":[84],"using":[85],"decision":[87,95],"tree":[88,96],"classifier":[89],"known":[90],"stacked":[93],"loopy":[94],"(SLDT)":[97],"classifier.":[98],"For":[99],"classification":[101],"process,":[102],"ROI-based":[104],"morphological":[105],"was":[107,118],"applied":[108],"mentioned":[111],"approach,":[113],"extraction":[117],"accomplished":[119],"through":[120],"chromatic":[121],"Prewitt-edge":[123],"highlights.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}
