{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204742495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","title":"Improving Elementary School Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skill in Science through HOTS-based Science Questions: A Quasi-Experimental Study","display_name":"Improving Elementary School Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skill in Science through HOTS-based Science Questions: A Quasi-Experimental Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204742495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","mag":"3204742495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736672052","display_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","issn_l":"2089-4392","issn":["2089-4392","2339-1286"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024912632","display_name":"Yasir Sidiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-7571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-7571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131389504","display_name":"Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/03cnmz153","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}],"countries":["ID","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Sidiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kanazawa University, Japan\r\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","Kanazawa University, Japan\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kanazawa University, Japan\r\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056","https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kanazawa University, Japan\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056","https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040515841","display_name":"Naufal Ishartono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-4736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-4736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131389504","display_name":"Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/03cnmz153","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["ID","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Ishartono","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malaya, Malaysia\r\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","University of Malaya, Malaysia\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malaya, Malaysia\r\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504","https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malaya, Malaysia\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504","https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112989153","display_name":"A Desstya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131389504","display_name":"Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/03cnmz153","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Desstya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024732520","display_name":"Harun Joko Prayitno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-5891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-5891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131389504","display_name":"Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/03cnmz153","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. J. Prayitno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090372060","display_name":"Sofyan Anif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-1761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-1761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131389504","display_name":"Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/03cnmz153","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Anif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024749980","display_name":"Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6569-0354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6569-0354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131389504","display_name":"Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta","ror":"https://ror.org/03cnmz153","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}],"countries":["ID","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. L. Hidayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia\r\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia\r\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786","https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia\nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786","https://openalex.org/I3131389504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2750000,"currency":"IDR","value_usd":180},"apc_paid":{"value":2750000,"currency":"IDR","value_usd":180},"fwci":19.773,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99409396,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"378","last_page":"386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12931","display_name":"Educational Methods and Outcomes","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12590","display_name":"STEM Education","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking-skills","display_name":"critical thinking skills","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-thinking-skills","display_name":"higher-order thinking skills","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-education","display_name":"science education","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-learning","display_name":"science learning","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.7673434019088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6509742736816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.6311672329902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.628392219543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5545347929000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.46490585803985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.44369223713874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1201275885105133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736672052","display_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","issn_l":"2089-4392","issn":["2089-4392","2339-1286"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/0wmf0-v7w97","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/0wmf0-v7w97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/0wmf0-v7w97","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/n7mzt-d0p56","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/n7mzt-d0p56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/n7mzt-d0p56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i3.30891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736672052","display_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","issn_l":"2089-4392","issn":["2089-4392","2339-1286"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8500000238418579}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198380840","https://openalex.org/W247146068","https://openalex.org/W626428045","https://openalex.org/W1969282780","https://openalex.org/W2008069664","https://openalex.org/W2022771045","https://openalex.org/W2042727131","https://openalex.org/W2171609961","https://openalex.org/W2249595199","https://openalex.org/W2287905939","https://openalex.org/W2316564403","https://openalex.org/W2479745122","https://openalex.org/W2590073965","https://openalex.org/W2627083520","https://openalex.org/W2791390899","https://openalex.org/W2901463152","https://openalex.org/W2907875994","https://openalex.org/W2909517559","https://openalex.org/W2984320772","https://openalex.org/W3004603766","https://openalex.org/W3040896685","https://openalex.org/W3171759160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386940961","https://openalex.org/W4409614011","https://openalex.org/W7223450563","https://openalex.org/W4390413011","https://openalex.org/W4400178528","https://openalex.org/W3186976550","https://openalex.org/W4386321995","https://openalex.org/W7212056043","https://openalex.org/W7207576014","https://openalex.org/W4214924169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2],"many":[3],"efforts":[4,26,231],"to":[5,27,47,129,213,230,232],"improve":[6,28,233],"elementary":[7,37,60,120,218,234],"school":[8,38,61,219,235],"students\u2019":[9,62,130,236],"critical":[10,29,63,131,172,237],"thinking":[11,30,64,132,173,238],"skills":[12,31,65,174,239],"in":[13,58,66,72,94,107,122,147,175,179,223,240],"science":[14,34,56,96,145,176,227,241,247],"through":[15,32,242],"various":[16],"learning":[17,101],"methods.":[18],"However,":[19],"only":[20],"a":[21,76,82,86,190],"few":[22],"research":[23,74],"results":[24,205],"show":[25],"HOTS-based":[33,55,95,144,246],"questions":[35,57,97,146],"for":[36],"students.":[39],"Therefore,":[40],"the":[41,49,100,104,119,154,169,180,186,204,217,224,243],"purpose":[42],"of":[43,51,112,118,171,177,194,206,226,245],"this":[44,73,207],"study":[45,166,208],"is":[46,115,201],"test":[48,142],"effectiveness":[50],"student":[52],"habituation":[53,98,244],"with":[54,75,189],"improving":[59],"science.":[67],"Quasi-experimental":[68],"methods":[69],"were":[70,135,156],"employed":[71],"nonequivalent":[77],"control":[78,87,105,187],"group":[79],"design":[80],"involving":[81],"treatment":[83,90,93],"class":[84,91,106,182],"and":[85,138,161,221],"class.":[88],"The":[89,150],"gets":[92],"during":[99],"process,":[102],"while":[103],"conventional":[108],"approaches.":[109],"A":[110],"total":[111],"60":[113],"students":[114,178],"from":[116,153],"one":[117],"schools":[121],"Surakarta,":[123],"Indonesia.":[124],"To":[125],"take":[126],"data":[127,152],"related":[128,229],"skills,":[133],"they":[134],"given":[136],"pretest":[137],"posttest":[139],"where":[140],"each":[141],"used":[143],"an":[148,211],"essay.":[149],"obtained":[151],"tests":[155],"then":[157],"analyzed":[158],"using":[159],"descriptive":[160],"inferential":[162],"statistical":[163],"techniques.":[164],"This":[165],"showed":[167],"that":[168,203],"average":[170],"experimental":[181],"was":[183],"higher":[184],"than":[185],"class,":[188],"positive":[191],"mean":[192],"difference":[193],"0.4226.":[195],"Based":[196],"on":[197],"these":[198],"results,":[199],"it":[200],"recommended":[202],"can":[209],"provide":[210],"overview":[212],"educational":[214],"practitioners":[215],"at":[216],"level":[220],"researchers":[222],"field":[225],"education":[228],"questions.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}
