{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204619932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192668","title":"The Waterlogging Process Model in the Paddy Fields of Flat Irrigation Districts","display_name":"The Waterlogging Process Model in the Paddy Fields of Flat Irrigation Districts","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204619932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192668","mag":"3204619932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13192668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192668","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/19/2668/pdf?version=1632749179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/19/2668/pdf?version=1632749179","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064666962","display_name":"Yujiang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-5691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-5691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254399","display_name":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ry9c816","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yujiang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-5691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062014421","display_name":"Zhenyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-5744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-5744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099662","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/012wsxz85","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210099662","https://openalex.org/I4210111986","https://openalex.org/I4210120069","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411","https://openalex.org/I4210099662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101617906","display_name":"Fengli Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1066-2208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1066-2208","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-6484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254399","display_name":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ry9c816","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengli Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058810959","display_name":"Niannian Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3515-6294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3515-6294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254399","display_name":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ry9c816","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niannian Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064908202","display_name":"Haolong Fu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254399","display_name":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ry9c816","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haolong Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058810959","https://openalex.org/A5064666962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254399"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":0.2268,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45116832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"19","first_page":"2668","last_page":"2668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.6323000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.6323000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.3407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paddy-fields","display_name":"paddy fields","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-districts","display_name":"irrigation districts","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-inundation","display_name":"flood inundation","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runoff-generation","display_name":"runoff generation","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shallow-water-equations","display_name":"shallow water equations","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tank-model","display_name":"tank model","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts","display_name":"climate change impacts","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-china","display_name":"South China","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.7321527004241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77906462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140902","display_name":"Confluence","level":2,"score":0.6875064373016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.6606298685073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202583358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143140","display_name":"Waterlogging (archaeology)","level":3,"score":0.645331859588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6247743368148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.5995879173278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778093299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073798","display_name":"Irrigation district","level":3,"score":0.5066019296646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.5047978162765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124203675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320048","display_name":"Runoff curve number","level":3,"score":0.4771037697792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.3560759425163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19261911511421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18202105164527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1639454960823059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67715294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321","display_name":"Wetland","level":2,"score":0.15913838148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13052356243133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.1192898154258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11454212665557861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13192668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192668","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/19/2668/pdf?version=1632749179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16a6eefe231e477198c7f5c4813da203","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16a6eefe231e477198c7f5c4813da203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Water, Vol 13, Iss 19, p 2668 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13192668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192668","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/19/2668/pdf?version=1632749179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.965499997138977,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4359000027179718,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1583062555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1508303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3446271651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1508303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5213688526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51709010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326485","display_name":"Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ry9c816"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204619932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204619932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W867474481","https://openalex.org/W1492236515","https://openalex.org/W1892473961","https://openalex.org/W1925649791","https://openalex.org/W1963684242","https://openalex.org/W1969262043","https://openalex.org/W1977577159","https://openalex.org/W1979218702","https://openalex.org/W1979368838","https://openalex.org/W1982427026","https://openalex.org/W1987901514","https://openalex.org/W1989990681","https://openalex.org/W1994616231","https://openalex.org/W2001477654","https://openalex.org/W2017242098","https://openalex.org/W2021588171","https://openalex.org/W2029162633","https://openalex.org/W2030295525","https://openalex.org/W2039988268","https://openalex.org/W2053368336","https://openalex.org/W2058998445","https://openalex.org/W2066502397","https://openalex.org/W2068259330","https://openalex.org/W2093134097","https://openalex.org/W2100302522","https://openalex.org/W2116992828","https://openalex.org/W2143155680","https://openalex.org/W2254153683","https://openalex.org/W2318956597","https://openalex.org/W2376889607","https://openalex.org/W2381553455","https://openalex.org/W2516880899","https://openalex.org/W2605044431","https://openalex.org/W2616745531","https://openalex.org/W2804644941","https://openalex.org/W2956350167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131071565","https://openalex.org/W2290259084","https://openalex.org/W2555976212","https://openalex.org/W2072695840","https://openalex.org/W2379338338","https://openalex.org/W2354692284","https://openalex.org/W2793690609","https://openalex.org/W4321496306","https://openalex.org/W2036845665","https://openalex.org/W657792129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flat,":[0],"low-lying":[1],"agricultural":[2],"areas":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"irrigation":[6,139],"districts":[7],"in":[8,63,136],"southern":[9],"China":[10],"have":[11],"been":[12],"increasingly":[13],"vulnerable":[14],"to":[15],"flood":[16],"inundation":[17],"disasters":[18],"because":[19],"of":[20,93,101,130],"the":[21,64,75,90,94,109,128,137],"increased":[22],"runoff":[23,43,47,65],"associated":[24],"with":[25,144],"urbanization":[26],"and":[27,46,54,67,79,86,89,108,134],"climate":[28],"change.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"study,":[32],"we":[33],"developed":[34],"a":[35,123],"waterlogging":[36,118,131],"process":[37,129],"simulation":[38,104,119],"model":[39,53,56,95,120],"comprising":[40],"two":[41],"parts:":[42],"generation":[44,66],"module":[45],"confluence":[48,68,135],"module.":[49],"An":[50],"improved":[51],"tank":[52],"hydrodynamic":[55],"based":[57],"on":[58],"Saint\u2013Venant":[59],"equations":[60],"were":[61],"adopted":[62],"module,":[69],"respectively.":[70],"The":[71,98,116],"results":[72],"show":[73],"that":[74],"model\u2019s":[76],"relative":[77,99],"error":[78,83,100],"root":[80],"mean":[81],"square":[82],"are":[84],"2.1%":[85],"0.17":[87],"mm/h,":[88],"Nash":[91,110],"coefficient":[92,111],"is":[96],"0.91.":[97],"river":[102],"level":[103],"was":[105,112],"within":[106],"5%,":[107],"higher":[113],"than":[114],"0.9.":[115],"proposed":[117],"could":[121],"be":[122],"valuable":[124],"tool":[125],"for":[126],"describing":[127],"generation,":[132],"accumulation,":[133],"studied":[138],"district":[140],"or":[141],"other":[142],"regions":[143],"similar":[145],"climatic":[146],"conditions.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}
