{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204555464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","title":"A stacked deep learning approach to cyber-attacks detection in industrial systems: application to power system and gas pipeline systems","display_name":"A stacked deep learning approach to cyber-attacks detection in industrial systems: application to power system and gas pipeline systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204555464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","mag":"3204555464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34629940","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8490144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413352","display_name":"Wu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-2878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-2878","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0478-9323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 China","China University of Geosciences [Beijing]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences [Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087572406","display_name":"Fouzi Harrou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-319X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-319X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fouzi Harrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-319X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034175808","display_name":"Benamar Bouyeddou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0939-9447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0939-9447"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I233209018","display_name":"University of Abou Bekr Belka\u00efd","ror":"https://ror.org/00jsjm362","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I233209018"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benamar Bouyeddou","raw_affiliation_strings":["STIC Lab, Department of Telecommunications, Abou Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria","Universit\u00e9 de Tlemcen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STIC Lab, Department of Telecommunications, Abou Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I233209018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Tlemcen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I233209018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071486132","display_name":"Sidi\u2010Mohammed Senouci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-9596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-9596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177064439","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1bsr36","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177064439","https://openalex.org/I4405253280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152646","display_name":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des V\u00e9hicules pour l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/05yj2y557","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152646","https://openalex.org/I4387154046","https://openalex.org/I4405253280"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sidi-Mohammed Senouci","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRIVE Laboratory, University of Burgundy, Nevers, France","D\u00e9partement de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des V\u00e9hicules pour l'Environnement [Nevers]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRIVE Laboratory, University of Burgundy, Nevers, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177064439","https://openalex.org/I4387152646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des V\u00e9hicules pour l'Environnement [Nevers]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090118631","display_name":"Ying Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-4270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-4270","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0018-9901","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9116-3134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034175808","https://openalex.org/A5071486132","https://openalex.org/A5087572406","https://openalex.org/A5090118631","https://openalex.org/A5100413352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177064439","https://openalex.org/I233209018","https://openalex.org/I3125743391","https://openalex.org/I4387152646","https://openalex.org/I71920554","https://openalex.org/I78988378"],"apc_list":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"fwci":4.6068,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96008028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"561","last_page":"578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.025699999183416367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberattack-detection","display_name":"cyberattack detection","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada-systems","display_name":"SCADA systems","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection","display_name":"intrusion detection","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-transmission-systems","display_name":"power transmission systems","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-pipeline-systems","display_name":"gas pipeline systems","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-cybersecurity","display_name":"industrial cybersecurity","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-importance","display_name":"feature importance","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure-security","display_name":"critical infrastructure security","score":0.4059999883174896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.9412387609481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8393009901046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6423788070678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.48643970489501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776666747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135322","display_name":"Modbus","level":3,"score":0.47087085247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.45911261439323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.4279172420501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4278906583786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.410670667886734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39310675859451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3924630284309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38395798206329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37000730633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3433157205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.3385418653488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3192942440509796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14041092991828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34629940","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34629940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster computing","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8490144","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8490144/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Comput","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03542388v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ube.hal.science/hal-03542388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing, 2022, 25 (1), pp.561-578. &#x27E8;10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/672162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/672162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-021-03426-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6909999847412109,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1084006640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OSR-2019-CRG7-3800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","funder_display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322499","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204555464.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204555464.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W195047088","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1546161534","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1963998826","https://openalex.org/W1974853427","https://openalex.org/W1975846642","https://openalex.org/W1977555035","https://openalex.org/W1978514793","https://openalex.org/W2012446724","https://openalex.org/W2033939184","https://openalex.org/W2055289210","https://openalex.org/W2060479059","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2099545301","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2120400483","https://openalex.org/W2122217421","https://openalex.org/W2142993476","https://openalex.org/W2149278843","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2161630727","https://openalex.org/W2164099512","https://openalex.org/W2169036685","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2290151134","https://openalex.org/W2311813434","https://openalex.org/W2322987107","https://openalex.org/W2561981131","https://openalex.org/W2611645847","https://openalex.org/W2615509641","https://openalex.org/W2767312802","https://openalex.org/W2768073426","https://openalex.org/W2802601181","https://openalex.org/W2804946269","https://openalex.org/W2889600277","https://openalex.org/W2889676902","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2941500089","https://openalex.org/W2945645641","https://openalex.org/W2969699559","https://openalex.org/W2972153210","https://openalex.org/W2999044305","https://openalex.org/W3024669438","https://openalex.org/W3034560014","https://openalex.org/W3043459281","https://openalex.org/W3048731797","https://openalex.org/W3080157478","https://openalex.org/W3080847572","https://openalex.org/W3085955590","https://openalex.org/W3096062596","https://openalex.org/W3097803151","https://openalex.org/W3110062799","https://openalex.org/W3135469646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021000557","https://openalex.org/W4283072185","https://openalex.org/W7129583614","https://openalex.org/W4409052567","https://openalex.org/W2969699559","https://openalex.org/W4413555993","https://openalex.org/W7160833183","https://openalex.org/W3174314847","https://openalex.org/W4410497981","https://openalex.org/W2146741774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Presently,":[0],"Supervisory":[1],"Control":[2],"and":[3,17,51,85,105,154,197,212],"Data":[4],"Acquisition":[5],"(SCADA)":[6],"systems":[7,16,23,40,61,74],"are":[8,24,54,158],"broadly":[9],"adopted":[10],"in":[11,71,137],"remote":[12],"monitoring":[13],"large-scale":[14],"production":[15],"modern":[18],"power":[19,151],"grids.":[20],"However,":[21],"SCADA":[22,60,73,122,138,146],"continuously":[25],"exposed":[26],"to":[27,78,96,117,160],"various":[28],"heterogeneous":[29],"cyberattacks,":[30],"making":[31],"the":[32,36,127,162,172,177,188,192,198,216,222,226,231],"detection":[33,39,136,174,228],"task":[34],"using":[35,230],"conventional":[37,45],"intrusion":[38,135],"(IDSs)":[41],"very":[42],"challenging.":[43],"Furthermore,":[44],"security":[46],"solutions,":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"firewalls,":[50],"antivirus":[52],"software,":[53],"not":[55],"appropriate":[56],"for":[57,134],"fully":[58],"protecting":[59],"because":[62],"they":[63],"have":[64],"distinct":[65],"specifications.":[66],"Thus,":[67],"accurately":[68],"detecting":[69,215],"cyber-attacks":[70,227],"critical":[72],"is":[75,95,115],"undoubtedly":[76],"indispensable":[77],"enhance":[79],"their":[80],"resilience,":[81],"ensure":[82],"safe":[83],"operations,":[84],"avoid":[86],"costly":[87],"maintenance.":[88],"The":[89,166],"overarching":[90],"goal":[91],"of":[92,129,168,176,225],"this":[93,108,169],"paper":[94],"detect":[97],"malicious":[98,119,217],"intrusions":[99],"that":[100,187],"already":[101],"detoured":[102],"traditional":[103],"IDS":[104],"firewalls.":[106],"In":[107],"paper,":[109],"a":[110,130,148,155],"stacked":[111,179],"deep":[112,131,180,194],"learning":[113,132,181,195],"method":[114],"introduced":[116],"identify":[118],"attacks":[120],"targeting":[121],"systems.":[123,139],"Specifically,":[124],"we":[125,219],"investigate":[126,221],"feasibility":[128],"approach":[133,190],"Real":[140],"data":[141],"sets":[142],"from":[143],"two":[144],"laboratory-scale":[145],"systems,":[147],"two-line":[149],"three-bus":[150],"transmission":[152],"system":[153],"gas":[156],"pipeline":[157],"used":[159],"evaluate":[161],"proposed":[163,178,189],"method's":[164],"performance.":[165],"results":[167],"investigation":[170],"show":[171],"satisfying":[173],"performance":[175],"approach.":[182],"This":[183],"study":[184],"also":[185,220],"showed":[186],"outperformed":[191],"standalone":[193],"models":[196],"state-of-the-art":[199],"algorithms,":[200],"including":[201],"Nearest":[202],"neighbor,":[203],"Random":[204,232],"forests,":[205],"Naive":[206],"Bayes,":[207],"Adaboost,":[208],"Support":[209],"Vector":[210],"Machine,":[211],"oneR.":[213],"Besides":[214],"attacks,":[218],"feature":[223],"importance":[224],"process":[229],"Forest":[233],"procedure,":[234],"which":[235],"helps":[236],"design":[237],"more":[238],"parsimonious":[239],"models.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}
