{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204421059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","title":"Multivariate and spatial analysis of reduced urban air pollution during COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi","display_name":"Multivariate and spatial analysis of reduced urban air pollution during COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204421059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","mag":"3204421059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","pdf_url":"https://forumgeografic.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/1/Kumari.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201863","display_name":"Forum geografic","issn_l":"1583-1523","issn":["1583-1523","2067-4635"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314613","host_organization_name":"Universitaria Publishing House, Craiova","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314613"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitaria Publishing House, Craiova"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forum geografic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://forumgeografic.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/1/Kumari.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083361065","display_name":"Maya Kumari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-2803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-2803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191972202","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n9z0v62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya Kumari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amity School of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amity School of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031363540","display_name":"Shivangi Somvanshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-6301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-6301"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shivangi Somvanshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Knowledge Infrastructure at Geospatial World, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Knowledge Infrastructure at Geospatial World, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051380517","display_name":"Burhan Ulwafa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191972202","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n9z0v62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burhan Ulwafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031363540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39674463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"[:ro]XX[:]","issue":"1","first_page":"79","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12916","display_name":"COVID-19 impact on air quality","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12916","display_name":"COVID-19 impact on air quality","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-air-pollution","display_name":"urban air pollution","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-lockdown","display_name":"COVID-19 lockdown","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delhi","display_name":"Delhi","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm10","display_name":"PM10","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-dioxide","display_name":"nitrogen dioxide","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-dioxide","display_name":"sulfur dioxide","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone","display_name":"ozone","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide","display_name":"carbon monoxide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution-of-pollutants","display_name":"spatial distribution of pollutants","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-distance-weighting","display_name":"inverse distance weighting","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality-monitoring","display_name":"air quality monitoring","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution-mitigation","display_name":"air pollution mitigation","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.6478258371353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.6449471712112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.5646166801452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5540202260017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5390668511390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.49956727027893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.44127726554870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4381580352783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.4294529855251312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.41306692361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3586142659187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.29212456941604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2600598931312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1359262466430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1091650128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","pdf_url":"https://forumgeografic.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/1/Kumari.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201863","display_name":"Forum geografic","issn_l":"1583-1523","issn":["1583-1523","2067-4635"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314613","host_organization_name":"Universitaria Publishing House, Craiova","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314613"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitaria Publishing House, Craiova"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forum geografic","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2021.089.i","pdf_url":"https://forumgeografic.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/1/Kumari.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201863","display_name":"Forum geografic","issn_l":"1583-1523","issn":["1583-1523","2067-4635"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314613","host_organization_name":"Universitaria Publishing House, Craiova","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314613"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitaria Publishing House, Craiova"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forum geografic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7646999955177307}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204421059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204421059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1942437568","https://openalex.org/W2010061208","https://openalex.org/W2012682248","https://openalex.org/W2028400289","https://openalex.org/W2039531189","https://openalex.org/W2040316938","https://openalex.org/W2053472491","https://openalex.org/W2090721231","https://openalex.org/W2099325681","https://openalex.org/W2165411636","https://openalex.org/W2312318797","https://openalex.org/W2340297836","https://openalex.org/W2549445838","https://openalex.org/W2607350314","https://openalex.org/W2611366721","https://openalex.org/W2753559139","https://openalex.org/W2759509420","https://openalex.org/W2913136680","https://openalex.org/W2945416264","https://openalex.org/W3006070132","https://openalex.org/W3008355683","https://openalex.org/W3014124559","https://openalex.org/W3015335313","https://openalex.org/W3015781063","https://openalex.org/W3017800794","https://openalex.org/W3019057975","https://openalex.org/W3021727730","https://openalex.org/W3045882256","https://openalex.org/W3089401687","https://openalex.org/W3123746580","https://openalex.org/W3131327782","https://openalex.org/W3153683535","https://openalex.org/W3210492185","https://openalex.org/W4297888959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119053848","https://openalex.org/W4411366234","https://openalex.org/W3090159884","https://openalex.org/W4287147580","https://openalex.org/W3139474875","https://openalex.org/W7217428877","https://openalex.org/W4378781254","https://openalex.org/W4210701792","https://openalex.org/W4394674737","https://openalex.org/W4372191753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Towards":[0],"the":[1,39,46,56,84,96,118,123,141,145,157,163,170,174,206,210,216,226],"end":[2],"of":[3,12,62,86,125,148,159,228],"2019,":[4],"a":[5,18,193],"novel":[6],"contagious":[7],"virus":[8],"(COVID-19)":[9],"came":[10],"out":[11],"Wuhan,":[13],"China":[14],"and":[15,35,59,71,90,94,106,116,134,181,201],"turned":[16],"into":[17,76],"disastrous":[19],"pandemic.Many":[20],"countries":[21],"were":[22,108,151],"completely":[23],"or":[24],"partially":[25],"locked":[26],"down.The":[27],"ongoing":[28],"pandemic":[29],"has":[30],"greatly":[31],"affected":[32],"our":[33],"society":[34],"economy":[36],"but,":[37],"on":[38],"other":[40],"side,":[41],"it":[42,50],"had":[43],"effects":[44],"upon":[45],"natural":[47],"environment,":[48],"as":[49],"rejuvenated":[51],"itself.The":[52],"present":[53],"study":[54,213],"repots":[55],"air":[57,63,112,220],"quality":[58,64],"spatial":[60],"distribution":[61,158],"parameters":[65],"(PM10,":[66,177],"PM2.5,":[67,178],"NO2,":[68,197],"SO2,":[69],"O3":[70],"CO)":[72],"in":[73,138,173,184,196,209,225],"Delhi,":[74],"taking":[75],"account":[77],"data":[78,114],"from":[79],"36":[80],"monitoring":[81,135],"stations,":[82],"for":[83,218],"months":[85],"January":[87],"-April":[88],"2019":[89],"2020,":[91,203],"respectively":[92],"before":[93,115],"during":[95,117,199],"COVID-19":[97],"pandemic.The":[98],"statistical":[99],"tools":[100],"like":[101],"box":[102],"plot,":[103],"Pearson's":[104],"correlation,":[105],"PCA":[107],"used":[109],"to":[110,129,192],"interpret":[111],"pollution":[113,221],"lockdown":[119,208],"period.The":[120],"results":[121,147],"revealed":[122,169],"characteristics":[124],"pollutants":[126,160],"with":[127,140],"respect":[128],"location,":[130],"relationship":[131],"between":[132],"pollutants,":[133],"their":[136],"level":[137],"compliance":[139],"limits":[142],"set":[143],"by":[144,155,161],"legislation.The":[146],"multivariate":[149],"analysis":[150],"further":[152],"spatially":[153],"analyzed":[154],"mapping":[156],"using":[162],"Inverse":[164],"Distance":[165],"Weighted":[166],"interpolation.The":[167],"result":[168],"gradual":[171],"reduction":[172,195],"pollutant":[175],"concentrations":[176],"CO,":[179],"SO2)":[180],"an":[182],"increment":[183],"ozone":[185],"concentration":[186],"was":[187,190],"observed,":[188],"which":[189],"due":[191],"drastic":[194],"especially":[198],"March":[200],"April":[202],"immediately":[204],"after":[205],"declared":[207],"region.The":[211],"overall":[212],"indicated":[214],"that":[215],"interventions":[217],"urban":[219],"mitigation":[222],"are":[223],"crucial":[224],"regeneration":[227],"nature.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}