{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204312209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550042","title":"A Tutorial on Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for Maximum Independent Set Problem","display_name":"A Tutorial on Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for Maximum Independent Set Problem","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204312209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550042","mag":"3204312209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607703","display_name":"Chinese Control Conference (CCC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 40th Chinese Control Conference (CCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060010918","display_name":"Mingyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-6493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-6493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006605583","display_name":"Fang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-5420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-5420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040459125","display_name":"Guojian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-2759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-2759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028924208","display_name":"Wei Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-6536","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-6536","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3365-5420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100926621","display_name":"Feng Shuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-4732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-4732","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7037-5532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi University,School of Electrical Engineering,Nanning,China,530004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1865,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36302796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6317","last_page":"6322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-approximate-optimization-algorithm","display_name":"quantum approximate optimization algorithm","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-independent-set-problem","display_name":"maximum independent set","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"combinatorial optimization","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian-construction","display_name":"Hamiltonian construction","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qiskit","display_name":"Qiskit","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithms","display_name":"quantum algorithms","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62799726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190056","display_name":"Hilbert space","level":2,"score":0.6046191453933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5753177404403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.5389848947525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.5379034280776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5298683047294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5273595452308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5222359895706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.519635796546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4976954758167267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.49322599172592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48811015486717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.4704762101173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43202269077301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3716052770614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35906079411506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1429513692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09000158309936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607703","display_name":"Chinese Control Conference (CCC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 40th Chinese Control Conference (CCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568345435","https://openalex.org/W2002372750","https://openalex.org/W2050334794","https://openalex.org/W2085426595","https://openalex.org/W2105614108","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2754868542","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2948980992","https://openalex.org/W2951211905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998467804","https://openalex.org/W7159039767","https://openalex.org/W7126210396","https://openalex.org/W4415250755","https://openalex.org/W4404693019","https://openalex.org/W4410833714","https://openalex.org/W3137599142","https://openalex.org/W4387074760","https://openalex.org/W7127607695","https://openalex.org/W7160290706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,18],"the":[1,33,62,71,74,78],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"quantum":[5,8,22],"computers":[6],"and":[7],"algorithms":[9],"have":[10],"shown":[11,60],"advantages":[12],"compared":[13],"to":[14,37,65,69,73],"their":[15],"classical":[16],"counterparts.":[17],"combinatorial":[19],"optimization":[20,24],"problems,":[21],"approximate":[23],"algorithm(QAOA)":[25],"has":[26],"good":[27],"performance.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"focuses":[31],"on":[32],"application":[34],"of":[35,77],"QAOA":[36],"one":[38],"combinational":[39],"problem":[40],"called":[41],"maximum":[42],"independent":[43],"set(MIS).":[44],"Two":[45],"different":[46],"Hamiltonian":[47],"construction":[48],"methods":[49],"are":[50],"employed":[51],"in":[52],"this":[53],"algorithm":[54],"using":[55],"IBM":[56],"Qiskit.":[57],"It":[58],"is":[59,64],"that":[61],"key":[63],"design":[66],"proper":[67],"Hamiltonians":[68],"map":[70],"solution":[72],"feasible":[75],"states":[76],"Hilbert":[79],"space.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}