{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203896629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","title":"Thyroid Disease Treatment prediction with machine learning approaches","display_name":"Thyroid Disease Treatment prediction with machine learning approaches","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203896629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","mag":"3203896629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921015945/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921015945/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021224978","display_name":"Lerina Aversano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-6835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-6835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16337185","display_name":"University of Sannio","ror":"https://ror.org/04vc81p87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lerina Aversano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sannio, Dept. of Engineering, Via Traiano 1, Benevento 82100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sannio, Dept. of Engineering, Via Traiano 1, Benevento 82100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032066141","display_name":"Mario Luca Bernardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-7032","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-7032"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16337185","display_name":"University of Sannio","ror":"https://ror.org/04vc81p87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Luca Bernardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sannio, Dept. of Engineering, Via Traiano 1, Benevento 82100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sannio, Dept. of Engineering, Via Traiano 1, Benevento 82100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027577443","display_name":"Marta Cimitile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-8313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-8313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130905","display_name":"Unitelma Sapienza University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dfrdm61","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130905"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Cimitile","raw_affiliation_strings":["UnitelmaSapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 295, Rome 00161, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UnitelmaSapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 295, Rome 00161, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130905","https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024514136","display_name":"Martina Iammarino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-733X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-733X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16337185","display_name":"University of Sannio","ror":"https://ror.org/04vc81p87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Iammarino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sannio, Dept. of Engineering, Via Traiano 1, Benevento 82100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sannio, Dept. of Engineering, Via Traiano 1, Benevento 82100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071288178","display_name":"Paolo Emidio Macchia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-6942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-6942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Emidio Macchia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039183077","display_name":"Immacolata Cristina Nettore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-6523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-6523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Immacolata Cristina Nettore","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086018290","display_name":"Chiara Verdone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-5276","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-5276"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16337185","display_name":"University of Sannio","ror":"https://ror.org/04vc81p87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Verdone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sannio, Dept. of Engineering, Via Traiano 1, Benevento 82100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sannio, Dept. of Engineering, Via Traiano 1, Benevento 82100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021224978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4629,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99702233,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"192","issue":null,"first_page":"1031","last_page":"1040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.025100000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10293","display_name":"Thyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-disease","display_name":"thyroid dysfunction","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothyroidism","display_name":"hypothyroidism","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levothyroxine","display_name":"levothyroxine","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-prediction","display_name":"treatment prediction","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-hormone-levels","display_name":"thyroid hormone levels","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormonal-parameters","display_name":"hormonal parameters","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extra-trees","display_name":"extra trees","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier-comparison","display_name":"classifier comparison","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.7755076885223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.6750606298446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5405397415161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779022025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53829","display_name":"Thyroid nodules","level":3,"score":0.534715473651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775883008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773449","display_name":"Levothyroxine","level":3,"score":0.5181554555892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5073224902153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780176905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673122","display_name":"Thyroid disease","level":3,"score":0.4973938763141632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776869705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661443","display_name":"Endocrine disease","level":4,"score":0.4903683662414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4278164207935333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46699223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078","display_name":"Endocrine system","level":3,"score":0.3932889699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.33650028705596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33177846670150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2955765128135681}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921015945/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.106","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921015945/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203896629.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203896629.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592520988","https://openalex.org/W1527842677","https://openalex.org/W1967833456","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2008285658","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2395376253","https://openalex.org/W2509976270","https://openalex.org/W2670180008","https://openalex.org/W2765895826","https://openalex.org/W2794238513","https://openalex.org/W2802414353","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2949671775","https://openalex.org/W2951917536","https://openalex.org/W2955071015","https://openalex.org/W2971727847","https://openalex.org/W2978030724","https://openalex.org/W3012865162","https://openalex.org/W3013695985","https://openalex.org/W3080379820","https://openalex.org/W3090639436","https://openalex.org/W4246484440","https://openalex.org/W6968829632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289528957","https://openalex.org/W6941410771","https://openalex.org/W4297270962","https://openalex.org/W2927359447","https://openalex.org/W4362544883","https://openalex.org/W4387359589","https://openalex.org/W6893127706","https://openalex.org/W3195033366","https://openalex.org/W3027958026","https://openalex.org/W7151250566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,253],"thyroid":[1,20,44,48,89,96,134],"is":[2,17,80,191],"an":[3,38],"endocrine":[4],"gland":[5],"located":[6],"in":[7,92,125,177,222,263],"the":[8,12,35,47,69,76,93,102,113,116,126,131,137,140,151,178,188,198,201,204,216,247,256,264,267,271],"anterior":[9],"region":[10],"of":[11,37,43,64,71,75,95,115,133,139,143,183,200,203,218,249,255,266],"neck:":[13],"its":[14],"main":[15],"task":[16],"to":[18,25,34,55,149,173,214,224],"produce":[19],"hormones,":[21],"which":[22],"are":[23,122],"functional":[24],"our":[26],"entire":[27],"body.":[28],"Its":[29],"possible":[30,213],"dysfunction":[31],"can":[32,49,67,104],"lead":[33],"production":[36],"insufficient":[39],"or":[40,52,57,231],"excessive":[41],"amount":[42],"hormone.":[45],"Therefore,":[46],"become":[50],"inflamed":[51],"swollen":[53],"due":[54],"one":[56],"more":[58],"swellings":[59],"forming":[60],"inside":[61],"it.":[62],"Some":[63],"these":[65],"nodules":[66],"be":[68,105,229],"site":[70],"malignant":[72],"tumors.":[73],"One":[74],"most":[77],"used":[78,91,238],"treatments":[79],"sodium":[81],"levothyroxine,":[82],"also":[83],"known":[84],"as":[85],"LT4,":[86],"a":[87,163],"synthetic":[88],"hormone":[90],"treatment":[94,103,153,221],"disorders":[97],"and":[98,111,195,207],"diseases.":[99],"Predictions":[100],"about":[101],"important":[106],"for":[107,155],"supporting":[108],"endocrinologists\u2019":[109],"activities":[110],"improve":[112],"quality":[114],"patients\u2019":[117],"life.":[118],"To":[119,160,233],"date,":[120],"there":[121],"numerous":[123],"studies":[124],"literature":[127],"that":[128,168],"focus":[129],"on":[130,136,197],"prediction":[132],"diseases":[135],"trend":[138,154,202],"hormonal":[141,205],"parameters":[142,206],"people.":[144],"This":[145],"work,":[146],"differently,":[147],"aims":[148],"predict":[150,215],"LT4":[152],"patients":[156,174],"suffering":[157],"from":[158],"hypothyroidism.":[159],"this":[161,227,235],"end,":[162],"dedicated":[164],"dataset":[165],"was":[166,212],"built":[167],"includes":[169],"medical":[170],"information":[171],"related":[172],"being":[175],"treated":[176],"\u201dAOU":[179],"Federico":[180],"II\u201d":[181],"hospital":[182],"Naples.":[184],"For":[185],"each":[186,219],"patient,":[187],"clinical":[189],"history":[190],"available":[192],"over":[193],"time,":[194],"therefore":[196],"basis":[199],"other":[208],"attributes":[209],"considered":[210],"it":[211],"course":[217],"patient\u2019s":[220],"order":[223],"understand":[225],"if":[226],"should":[228],"increased":[230],"decreased.":[232],"conduct":[234],"study,":[236],"we":[237,245],"different":[239,251,257],"machine":[240],"learning":[241],"algorithms.":[242],"In":[243],"particular,":[244],"compared":[246],"results":[248],"10":[250],"classifiers.":[252],"performances":[254],"algorithms":[258],"show":[259],"good":[260],"results,":[261],"especially":[262],"case":[265],"Extra-Tree":[268],"Classifier,":[269],"where":[270],"accuracy":[272],"reaches":[273],"84%.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}
