{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203736624","doi":null,"title":"MANAGERIAL AND MARKETING THINKING IN LATE FEUDAL GEORGIA","display_name":"MANAGERIAL AND MARKETING THINKING IN LATE FEUDAL GEORGIA","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203736624","mag":"3203736624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.journalsfeaa.usv.ro:article/1829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/view/1829","pdf_url":"https://ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/download/1829/1771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737574842","display_name":"EcoForum","issn_l":"1584-9066","issn":["1584-9066","2344-2174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314696","host_organization_name":"Asociatia de Cooperare Cultural-Educationala Suceava","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asociatia de Cooperare Cultural-Educationala Suceava"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2344-2174","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3203736624"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/download/1829/1771","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072725749","display_name":"Avtandil Silagadze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-9827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-9827"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800265760","display_name":"Georgian National Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05aav2h42","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800265760"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avtandil Silagadze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgian National Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-9827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgian National Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800265760"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062659800","display_name":"Babulia Mghebrishvili","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","display_name":"Tbilisi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fd1hd85","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babulia Mghebrishvili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tbilisi State Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tbilisi State Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075261065","display_name":"Giuli Keshelashvili","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","display_name":"Tbilisi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fd1hd85","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuli Keshelashvili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tbilisi State Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tbilisi State Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13235","display_name":"Management Theory and Practice","score":0.4936999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13235","display_name":"Management Theory and Practice","score":0.4936999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.3075999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11530","display_name":"Business and Management Studies","score":0.025100000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-thinking","display_name":"managerial thinking","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-thinking","display_name":"marketing thinking","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merchant-guilds","display_name":"merchant guilds","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guild-charters","display_name":"guild charters","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-orientation","display_name":"customer orientation","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-quality","display_name":"product quality","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"reputation","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-history","display_name":"history of management","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511693568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37739","display_name":"Feudalism","level":3,"score":0.8332726955413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.501293420791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3647806644439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3581099212169647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3523308336734772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11305102705955505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.journalsfeaa.usv.ro:article/1829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/view/1829","pdf_url":"https://ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/download/1829/1771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737574842","display_name":"EcoForum","issn_l":"1584-9066","issn":["1584-9066","2344-2174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314696","host_organization_name":"Asociatia de Cooperare Cultural-Educationala Suceava","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asociatia de Cooperare Cultural-Educationala Suceava"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2344-2174","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3203736624","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/download/1297/777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508607","display_name":"Ecoforum Journal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecoforum Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.journalsfeaa.usv.ro:article/1829","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/view/1829","pdf_url":"https://ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/download/1829/1771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737574842","display_name":"EcoForum","issn_l":"1584-9066","issn":["1584-9066","2344-2174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314696","host_organization_name":"Asociatia de Cooperare Cultural-Educationala Suceava","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asociatia de Cooperare Cultural-Educationala Suceava"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2344-2174","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203736624.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203736624.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756843645","https://openalex.org/W6892113254","https://openalex.org/W2621226603","https://openalex.org/W1508143651","https://openalex.org/W4283368875","https://openalex.org/W2127334559","https://openalex.org/W44588784","https://openalex.org/W2966041772","https://openalex.org/W2514024146","https://openalex.org/W1029333332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"article":[1],"discusses":[2],"level":[3],"of":[4,13,21,30,38,40,56,70,145,149,151,160,166,181,186,195,206],"managerial":[5,44,216,220],"and":[6,33,43,72,104,164,179,215,219],"marketing":[7,42,130,214,218],"thinking":[8,221],"development":[9],"in":[10,18,85,121,183,203,225],"Georgian":[11,19,62,204],"cities":[12,20,205],"late":[14,207],"feudal":[15,208],"period.Regarding":[16],"that":[17,22,61,94,188,200],"period":[23,209],"the":[24,28,31,41,53,68,78,89,95,101,110,122,136,138,152,161,167,170,175,184,192,201],"main":[25],"organizations":[26],"were":[27,75,88,98],"guilds":[29,63,125,202],"traders":[32],"craftsmen,":[34],"situation,":[35],"with":[36,129,133,213],"respect":[37],"application":[39],"approaches":[45],"was":[46,107,156,174],"studied":[47],"on":[48,100,143],"their":[49,65,127,211],"example.Authors":[50],"have":[51,222],"analyzed":[52,123],"guild":[54,79,90,96,139,171],"charters.Study":[55],"these":[57],"normative":[58],"documents":[59],"showed":[60],"performed":[64,126,210],"activities":[66,97,128,212],"under":[67],"leadership":[69,172],"ustabashi.He":[71],"other":[73],"leaders":[74],"elected":[76],"by":[77],"members":[80],"at":[81],"general":[82],"meeting.The":[83],"ustabashis,":[84],"modern":[86],"sense,":[87],"managers.The":[91],"charters":[92],"show":[93],"based":[99],"management":[102],"organization":[103],"control":[105],"functions.Attention":[106],"paid":[108],"to":[109],"motivation":[111],"function":[112],"as":[113],"well,":[114],"though":[115],"this":[116,173],"is":[117],"not":[118,157],"clearly":[119],"stated":[120],"charters.The":[124],"approach,":[131],"i.e.":[132],"orientation":[134],"towards":[135],"consumers.Therefore,":[137],"primarily":[140],"focused":[141],"attention":[142],"production":[144,150],"high":[146,153],"quality":[147,154],"goods.Goal":[148],"goods":[155],"only":[158],"maintaining":[159],"existing":[162],"consumers":[163],"attraction":[165],"new":[168],"ones.For":[169],"way":[176],"for":[177],"creation":[178],"improvement":[180],"reputation,":[182],"view":[185],"public":[187],"would":[189],"positively":[190],"impact":[191],"final":[193],"results":[194],"work.Thus,":[196],"we":[197],"can":[198],"state":[199],"approaches.Thus,":[217],"gradually":[223],"developed":[224],"Georgia.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}
