{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203729183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","title":"Optical Spectroscopic Observations of Gamma-ray Blazar Candidates. XI. Optical Observations from SOAR, Blanco, NTT and OAN-SPM. The Story So Far","display_name":"Optical Spectroscopic Observations of Gamma-ray Blazar Candidates. XI. Optical Observations from SOAR, Blanco, NTT and OAN-SPM. The Story So Far","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203729183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","mag":"3203729183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100695177","display_name":"The Astronomical Journal","issn_l":"0004-6256","issn":["0004-6256","1538-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astronomical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030152711","display_name":"Harold A. Pe\u00f1a-Herazo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-9538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-9538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39824353","display_name":"National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpmmc63","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117911","display_name":"East Asian Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ea4nx72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT","MX","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold A. Pe\u00f1a-Herazo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy","East Asian Observatory, 660 North A\u2019oh\u014dk\u016b Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA","Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-9538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Asian Observatory, 660 North A\u2019oh\u014dk\u016b Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077474504","display_name":"A. Paggi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-2410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-2410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099850","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj6ck58","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210099850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105504","display_name":"Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00yrf4e35","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105504","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Paggi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy","INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy","Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-2410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062889395","display_name":"Abigail Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9896-6430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9896-6430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39824353","display_name":"National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpmmc63","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abigail Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073051943","display_name":"Ra\u00fal A. Amaya-Almaz\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-7523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-7523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39824353","display_name":"National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpmmc63","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ra\u00fal A. Amaya-Almaz\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-7523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006696699","display_name":"Francesco Massaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-9850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-9850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099850","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj6ck58","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210099850"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105504","display_name":"Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00yrf4e35","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105504","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153654","display_name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3htt14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Massaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy","Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy","INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy","Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-9850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153654"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079036730","display_name":"Federica Ricci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-5980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-5980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152681","display_name":"Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio","ror":"https://ror.org/00gqsp710","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152681","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Ricci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 93/2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy","INAF\u2014Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-5980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 93/2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF\u2014Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152681","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020885808","display_name":"V. Chavushyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-0967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-0967"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39824353","display_name":"National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpmmc63","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahram Chavushyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-0967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041158120","display_name":"E. J. Marchesini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-8565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-8565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152681","display_name":"Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio","ror":"https://ror.org/00gqsp710","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152681","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezequiel J. Marchesini","raw_affiliation_strings":["INAF\u2014Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF\u2014Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152681","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058199394","display_name":"Nicola Masetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-7740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-7740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13897259","display_name":"Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello","ror":"https://ror.org/01qq57711","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13897259"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152681","display_name":"Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio","ror":"https://ror.org/00gqsp710","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152681","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["CL","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Masetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Fern\u00e1ndez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile","INAF\u2014Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-7740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Fern\u00e1ndez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13897259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF\u2014Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152681","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015637632","display_name":"Marco Landoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-8112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-8112","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-5081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802155305","display_name":"Brera Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02kx1hs47","country_code":"IT","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802155305","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151704","display_name":"Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/045dz8764","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151704","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Landoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Emilio Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy","INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza, 5, Selargius, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-8112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Emilio Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802155305","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza, 5, Selargius, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002340875","display_name":"Raffaele D\u2019Abrusco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-0605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-0605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele D\u2019Abrusco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Astrophysics \u2223 Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-0605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Astrophysics \u2223 Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065742150","display_name":"Dan Milisavljevic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-3885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-3885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Milisavljevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-3885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039491589","display_name":"Elena Jimenez\u2010Bailon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-4134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-4134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Jim\u00e9nez-Bail\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Astronom\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Apdo. Postal 877, Ensenada, 22800 Baja California, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Astronom\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Apdo. Postal 877, Ensenada, 22800 Baja California, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081526114","display_name":"V. Pati\u00f1o-\u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-818X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-818X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39824353","display_name":"National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpmmc63","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158571","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy","ror":"https://ror.org/04jvemc39","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210158571"]}],"countries":["DE","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor M. Pati\u00f1o-\u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico","Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Radioastronomie, Auf dem H\u00fcgel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-818X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica, Apartado Postal 51-216, 72000 Puebla, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39824353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Radioastronomie, Auf dem H\u00fcgel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029486654","display_name":"Fabio La Franca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-2721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-2721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio La Franca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-2721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069658343","display_name":"H. A. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5152-5152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5152-5152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard A. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Astrophysics \u2223 Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Astrophysics \u2223 Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057427631","display_name":"Gino Tosti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-4126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-4126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gino Tosti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":18,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6494,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75336107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"162","issue":"5","first_page":"177","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-blazars","display_name":"gamma-ray blazars","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-spectroscopy","display_name":"optical spectroscopy","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bl-lac-objects","display_name":"BL Lac objects","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flat-spectrum-radio-quasars","display_name":"flat-spectrum radio quasars","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-galactic-nuclei","display_name":"active galactic nuclei","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redshift-measurement","display_name":"redshift measurement","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blazar-classification","display_name":"blazar classification","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100752510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221221","display_name":"Blazar","level":3,"score":0.9917327761650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9546608924865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.8761118054389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43481613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46587","display_name":"Active galactic nucleus","level":3,"score":0.7483612298965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135041427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83373","display_name":"Quasar","level":3,"score":0.7356961965560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.718729555606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186769553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726648","display_name":"Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope","level":2,"score":0.6645379662513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.5956942439079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.5342169404029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20249676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217012","display_name":"Radio galaxy","level":3,"score":0.4466733932495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.4324336647987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7910260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11523","display_name":"Gamma ray","level":2,"score":0.2759210467338562}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100695177","display_name":"The Astronomical Journal","issn_l":"0004-6256","issn":["0004-6256","1538-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astronomical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unab.cl:ria/67823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repositorio.unab.cl/handle/ria/67823","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.unab.cl/bitstreams/66a7033c-1901-4b4c-8cb6-22000cb5698b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400858","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional Acad\u00e9mico , Sistema de Bibliotecas Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello (UNAB) (Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello (UNAB))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210156962","host_organization_name":"Universidad Dr. Andr\u00e9s Bello","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156962"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Art\u00edculo"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/858749","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/858749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/393963","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11590/393963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unito.it:2318/1822740","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2318/1822740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400637","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","host_organization_name":"University of Turin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1da7/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100695177","display_name":"The Astronomical Journal","issn_l":"0004-6256","issn":["0004-6256","1538-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astronomical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1406517428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"280789","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330021","funder_display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5548122484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"280789","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310016","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321992","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/050zdnc69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330021","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Astrof\u00edsica, \u00d3ptica y Electr\u00f3nica","ror":"https://ror.org/00bpmmc63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332431","display_name":"College of Engineering, Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332502","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332600","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203729183.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203729183.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494569960","https://openalex.org/W1592753420","https://openalex.org/W1610175480","https://openalex.org/W1708933849","https://openalex.org/W1834582772","https://openalex.org/W1877811449","https://openalex.org/W1891904810","https://openalex.org/W1942817853","https://openalex.org/W1963600859","https://openalex.org/W1966235471","https://openalex.org/W1970592619","https://openalex.org/W1977615194","https://openalex.org/W1979115990","https://openalex.org/W1979503956","https://openalex.org/W1983042936","https://openalex.org/W1985081029","https://openalex.org/W1988504973","https://openalex.org/W1996544607","https://openalex.org/W2000546520","https://openalex.org/W2005873856","https://openalex.org/W2006309724","https://openalex.org/W2014586054","https://openalex.org/W2018958163","https://openalex.org/W2022188063","https://openalex.org/W2028318953","https://openalex.org/W2029343094","https://openalex.org/W2030371215","https://openalex.org/W2032081767","https://openalex.org/W2033814208","https://openalex.org/W2046585535","https://openalex.org/W2052514468","https://openalex.org/W2052548770","https://openalex.org/W2059362506","https://openalex.org/W2060176748","https://openalex.org/W2063195890","https://openalex.org/W2067368901","https://openalex.org/W2077088937","https://openalex.org/W2079525399","https://openalex.org/W2083242692","https://openalex.org/W2085864356","https://openalex.org/W2093371470","https://openalex.org/W2095409791","https://openalex.org/W2096628116","https://openalex.org/W2102748875","https://openalex.org/W2104922607","https://openalex.org/W2105246786","https://openalex.org/W2108755723","https://openalex.org/W2110691121","https://openalex.org/W2111817932","https://openalex.org/W2113934742","https://openalex.org/W2115927937","https://openalex.org/W2122233387","https://openalex.org/W2130667618","https://openalex.org/W2135101687","https://openalex.org/W2151094992","https://openalex.org/W2155488926","https://openalex.org/W2156720412","https://openalex.org/W2160991424","https://openalex.org/W2164376744","https://openalex.org/W2164377755","https://openalex.org/W2167635287","https://openalex.org/W2168505236","https://openalex.org/W2168628790","https://openalex.org/W2277657067","https://openalex.org/W2323578209","https://openalex.org/W2346717591","https://openalex.org/W2508429074","https://openalex.org/W2523745432","https://openalex.org/W2524018117","https://openalex.org/W2562756263","https://openalex.org/W2564910803","https://openalex.org/W2569795614","https://openalex.org/W2617011072","https://openalex.org/W2737239559","https://openalex.org/W2754225202","https://openalex.org/W2761347589","https://openalex.org/W2770612835","https://openalex.org/W2785093684","https://openalex.org/W2785534520","https://openalex.org/W2800763517","https://openalex.org/W2902465271","https://openalex.org/W2902871009","https://openalex.org/W2905331806","https://openalex.org/W2908319586","https://openalex.org/W2909558747","https://openalex.org/W2944690425","https://openalex.org/W2951590468","https://openalex.org/W2952909641","https://openalex.org/W2976679500","https://openalex.org/W3000271620","https://openalex.org/W3006445586","https://openalex.org/W3015716887","https://openalex.org/W3027520426","https://openalex.org/W3034785723","https://openalex.org/W3037254824","https://openalex.org/W3081757818","https://openalex.org/W3084427671","https://openalex.org/W3085710302","https://openalex.org/W3099155372","https://openalex.org/W3099970044","https://openalex.org/W3103417544","https://openalex.org/W3123932979","https://openalex.org/W3138539979","https://openalex.org/W4297889253","https://openalex.org/W4300292119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000271620","https://openalex.org/W4321597059","https://openalex.org/W2523745432","https://openalex.org/W3190071911","https://openalex.org/W2908319586","https://openalex.org/W2323578209","https://openalex.org/W3138539979","https://openalex.org/W2944690425","https://openalex.org/W2508429074","https://openalex.org/W4400967869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Blazars":[1,45],"represent":[2],"about":[3,16,35],"62%":[4],"of":[5,18,37,47,67,73,113,125,131,167,220,224,229,244,248],"the":[6,9,19,29,38,65,117,122,153,165,168,190,194,214,217,221,225,233,236,241,245],"sources":[7,22,83],"in":[8,85,108,116,235],"\u03b3":[10,20,30,39],"-ray":[11,21,31,40],"Fermi":[12,86],"-LAT":[13,87],"catalog,":[14],"and":[15,100,110,142],"80%":[17],"associated":[23],"with":[24,146,189],"a":[25,95,105,159,174],"lower-energy":[26],"counterpart,":[27],"dominating":[28],"sky.":[32],"In":[33],"particular,":[34],"42%":[36],"blazars":[41,145],"are":[42,55],"classified":[43,84,93,103],"as":[44,71,89,94,104,111,133,137,144,158],"Candidates":[46],"Uncertain":[48],"type":[49,115],"(BCUs)":[50],"for":[51,178,206],"which":[52],"spectroscopic":[53,77,202,251],"observations":[54],"mandatory":[56],"to":[57,239],"confirm":[58,121,164],"their":[59,200],"blazar":[60,112,123],"nature.":[61],"Here":[62],"we":[63,163,184,198,209,231],"report":[64],"spectra":[66],"64":[68],"targets":[69],"observed":[70],"part":[72],"our":[74,249],"follow-up":[75,252],"optical":[76,250],"campaign.":[78,253],"This":[79],"sample":[80],"includes":[81],"62":[82],"catalog":[88],"BCUs,":[90],"one":[91,101],"source":[92,102],"generic":[96,154],"active":[97,155],"galactic":[98,156],"nucleus,":[99],"BL":[106,134,160,169],"Lac":[107],"Fermi-LAT":[109],"uncertain":[114],"Roma-BZCAT":[118,226],"catalog.":[119],"We":[120,128,150,171],"nature":[124],"all":[126],"BCUs.":[127],"classify":[129,152],"33":[130],"them":[132],"Lacs,":[135],"11":[136],"Flat":[138],"Spectrum":[139],"Radio":[140],"Quasars,":[141],"18":[143],"nonnegligible":[147],"host-galaxy":[148],"emission.":[149],"also":[151,172],"nucleus":[157],"Lac.":[161,170],"Finally,":[162],"classification":[166],"reported":[173],"lower":[175,211],"limit":[176],"redshift":[177,186,203],"43":[179],"sources.":[180],"For":[181,193],"20":[182],"sources,":[183,197,208],"got":[185],"measurements":[187],"consistent":[188],"literature":[191],"values.":[192],"other":[195],"21":[196],"obtained":[199],"first":[201,246],"measurement;":[204],"while,":[205],"two":[207],"provide":[210],"limits":[212],"on":[213],"redshift.":[215],"With":[216],"upcoming":[218],"release":[219],"sixth":[222],"edition":[223],"Multifrequency":[227],"Catalog":[228],"Blazars,":[230],"take":[232],"opportunity":[234],"present":[237,240],"work":[238],"collective":[242],"results":[243],"phase":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}